一、元音
（一）单元音
（1）前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ ? ]
[ i: ]
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
代表单词: me he we even
bee feel breeze deep free
seat beat lead tea eat reason
grief believe achieve
receive conceive
音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ]
seat sit
beat bit
sheep ship
[ e ]
发音组合: e ea a
代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net
bread heaven
marry any many
音标对比： [ i ] [ e ]
sit set
lift left
did dead
（2）中元音：[?:] [?]
[?: ]
发音组合：or ir er ur ear
代表单词：work worker worm
bird dirt affirm
term
burn surf
pearl learn
（3）后元音: [a:] [?] [u:] [u] [?:] [?]
[a:]
发音组合：ar ear al
代表单词：far dark hart farm garden bar
heart
half
音标对比：[a:] [?]
fast fun
hart but
card cut
[u:]
发音组合：oo o ou u
代表单词：food fool boom cool pool shoot
tomb group
blue clue rule truth conclude
音标对比: [u:] [u]
foot food
boot book
cool could
[?:]
发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar
代表单词：talk ball hall call
door floor
law saw
bought fought thought tought
before ignore
caught naughty nautical
force born sort
warn
（二）双元音
（1）合口双元音为: [ei] [ai] [??] [au] [?u]
[ei]
发音组合：ei a ai ay
代表单词：eight
cake fate snake lake make name
paid main
day may
[ai]
发音组合：y i uy
代表单词：cry dry my
kite high bike tight fine time
buy guy
[??]
发音组合：oy oi
代表单词：toy boy loyal
noise voice point soil coin
[au]
发音组合：ou ow
代表单词：house sound out noun
bow town now tower
[?u]
发音组合：o ow oa
代表单词：host nose tone hole note
bowl know low own
boat coat
（2）集中双元音为：[i?] [??] [u?]
[i?]
发音组合：eer ear ere
代表单词：beer deer
hear near fear
here
[??]
发音组合：air ear are ere
代表单词：hair fair air chair
bear swear
dare hare
there
[u?]
发音组合：oor ure our
代表单词：poor
lure sure
tour
二、辅音
（一）爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ p ]
发音组合：p
代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach
sport speed spend
[ t ]
发音组合：t
代表单词：tea teacher team tare tank tip
it meet cat fate tent boat
student stand stick
[ k ]
发音组合：c k ck
代表单词：cake car can cat come
kite sky keep
pick back
（二）摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [?] [?] [?]
[ s ] [ z ] [ h] [ r]
[ f ]
发音组合：f ph
代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair fall
telephone phonetics photo
[θ]
发音组合：th
代表单词：think teeth thick theme thank
both tooth truth fifth mouth faith
音标对比：[θ] [?]
thick this
theme than
teeth they
death these
[?]
发音组合：sh s ss ch
代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish
sure ensure
assure
machine
[ s ]
发音组合：s c
代表单词：seem set seek say see
books dense mouse cups
face ice race price
[ h ]
发音组合：h wh (wh 在元音字母o前才发此音)
代表单词：hot home house horse hate high
whole who whose whom
（三）破擦音: [t?] [d?] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]
[ t?]
发音组合：ch
代表单词：cheap child chest choke check
catch watch
音标对比：[ t] [?]
cheap ship
chose shoes
catch cash
[ tr ]
发音组合：tr
代表单词：tree treat trip train tram
音标对比: [ tr ] [ dr ]
tree dream
try dry
treat dream
[ ts ]
发音组合：ts
代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents
音标对比：[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ]
bets beds boys boards
seats seeds gloves grounds
nets needs stares stands
（四）鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ? ][ m ]
发音组合：m
代表单词：some come dime
mother map moon
[ n ]
发音组合：n
代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing
moon soon son gun thin run dine gain
（五）舌边音: [ l ]
发音组合: l
代表单词：清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词：含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table
（六）半元音: [ w ] [ j ]
[ w ]
发音组合：w wh
代表单词：wait west way wet will wide
wheel what why when where while
音标对比：[ w ] [ v ]
wet vet
winter inventure
world voice
women visit
补充：元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则：
a e i o u
重读开音节：[ ei ] [ i: ] [ ai ] [ ?u ] [ju:] [u:]
重读闭音节：[ ? ] [ e ] [ i ] [ ? ] [ ? ] [ u ]
注意：除了符合读音规则的词以外，还有一些词是例外的，需要逐个记忆。
重读开音节：一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音
如: cake theme bike close consume
重读闭音节：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音
如: have bed sit love bus