(英语)高二英语阅读理解试题经典含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

We want our children to succeed, in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. At first sight this seems contradictory. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?

The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, remaining within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. The truth, however, is that by never failing, they never progress.

What is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put it: “You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have healthy egos(自我)(particularly the senior doctors) and partly because they fear litigation(诉讼). The consequence is that instead of learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes are repeated. According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. Until healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. But let us return to children. One of the major mistakes in education in the 1970s was the attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes （setting the bar very low）. The consequence was that the ego of kids became bound up with success, and they became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge.

We need to flip(翻转) this approach. In a complex world, failure is inevitable. It is those individuals and institutions that have the flexibility to face up to failure, learn the lessons and adapt which eventually excel(突出).

（1）The question raised in the first paragraph is to ________. A. open up a discussion on the topic B. analyze the reason for success C. express the author's opposition D. doubt the abilities of the top skaters （2）Which of the following is the structure of the passage?

A. B. C. D.

（3）What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How we can avoid failure in life B. What we should learn from failure C. Why failure is the key to flying high D. Where we further improve ourselves 【答案】（1）A （2）A （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论证了“失败是孩子成功的必须条件”这一观点。 (1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail.”可知，文章的中心论点是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先就要学会失败。后面以世界级滑冰运动员摔倒的次数更多来证明这一点，最后一句提出问题：为什么好的滑冰运动员反而摔倒的次数多呢？下文对这个问题做了回答，进一步阐明了文章的中心论点。很明显，这个问题就是为了引出下文对中心论点的论述服务的。故选A。

(2)考查文章结构。第一段提出中心论点并以滑冰运动员为例引出第二段。第三段James Dyson为正面例子证明：成功是建立失败的基础上的。而第四和第五两段分别以医疗和20世纪七十年代的儿童教育为反例证明：不经历失败就不会获得成功和提高。最后一段再次强调中心论点。故选A。

(3)考查主旨大意。文章第一段即提出中心论点：the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail，中间几段以正反两方面的例子证明了该论点。最后一段又重新强调了该论点。很明显，文章的中心意思就是：失败是孩子真正成功的必要条件。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，文章结构和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

On February 6, Space X, a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, has successfully launched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft, making it the world's most powerful rocket. Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V, which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s. “Falcon Heavy can launch about tonnes into low Earth orbit-that's almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle, Delta IV Heavy, ”Imperial College astrophysicist David Clements told AI Jazeera. According to Space X, Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel.

The rocket was designed with the idea of earning humans into space and opening the possibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars. For its first voyage, it carried Musk's $ 100,000 cherry-red Tesla sports car and a fake space-suited human model fixed in the driver's seat. Musk joked that “it may be discovered by some future alien race”.

Falcon Heavy went into space on its last flight on February 6. The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches. It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere. Minutes after take-off, the two outer boosters (助推器) landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR. Recently, Space X scheduled to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASA's TESS mission on March 20, 2018. It is reported that Space X is scheduled to complete 30 independent launch missions in 2018, at least half of which will use Falcon 9. （1）Which of the following can function as a rocket?

A. A 737 jet. B. Tesla. C. Saturn V. D. Space X. （2）What do we know about Falcon Heavy from the text?

A. It was the latest rocket in the world. B. It is of the same load as a 737 jet.

C. It is to be found by the creatures in the outer space. D. It was launched at the same place for the Apollo 11 mission.

（3）What delayed the launch of Falcon Heavy?

A. Weather condition. B. Program error. C. Equipment failure. D. Deliberate damage. （4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The BFR will be completed in 2018. B. The vehicle to launch space tourists is unknown. C. Tourists will be sent into space by Falcon 9. D. Falcon 9 will take 15 launch missions. 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇时文报道类文章。2月6日，伊隆·马斯克的私人航天航空公司Space X成功的发射了猎鹰号重型航天器，使得它成为世界上最强大的火箭。文章介绍了猎鹰号重型航天器的具体情况。

（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V”可知，Falcon Heavy是Saturn V退役之后的最大的火箭。由此可推知，Saturn V曾经是最大的火箭。故C选项正确。

（2）细节理解题。由第四段中的“The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches”可知，发射Falcon Heavy是在佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角空军基地和肯尼迪航天中心。该地也被用来执行阿波罗11号的登月任务。结合选项，D选项正确。

（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere”可知，因为天气原因导致它延迟发射。故A选项正确。

（4）推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR”可知，Space X宣布最终使用Falcon Heavy将两位付费的游客送入太空进行环月旅游。但是，Musk又说有可能将该任务留给BFR来执行。由此可以推知，到底谁来执行该任务还不确定。故B选项正确。 【点评】阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧：推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。 ①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。

③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。

3．阅读理解

The Maltese Islands are rich in Neolithic (新石器时代的) sites. Ggantija in Gozo, Tarxien, and the Hagar Qim/Mnajdra Complex here on Malta's south coast are perhaps the most well-known. These piles of stones are some of the earliest known manmade structures in the world. They are showing their age a bit but what would you expect for buildings that are five and a half thousand years old. My house was built in the year 2000 and is already in bad condition round the edges. These temples are older than the pyramids!

In my opinion the temples are best seen after the visitors have left. Come with me for a late afternoon walk down the hill past Hagar Qim towards the Mnajdra Complex. There are chain link fences around the temples now but we can ignore those and try to image why Maltas earliest people went to the trouble of building these structures on this windy and poor hillside. Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed. They may have been decorated with pigments and possibly even roofed with animal skins or other materials. Who knows? We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so.

Getting to Mnajdra and Hagar Qim is easiest if you have a car. Or if you don't mind a hike, you could get a bus to Qrendi(3 km away) or Zurrieq (5 km away) and walk from there. Warning:

although the distances are not too great, walking several kilometers in the Maltese sun can be very hard and possibly dangerous. Take water and sunscreen. （1）What makes the writer wonder about the temples?

A. Their history. B. Their appearance. C. How they were built. D. When they were built. （2）What are we aware of about the construction of the temples? A. They have been transformed. B. They look the same as before. C. They were carefully designed. D. They are not what they used to be. （3）How can we admire the sites getting least sunburn?

A. By hiking there. B. By riding a car. C. By taking water. D. By taking a bus. （4）Where can we possibly find this article?

A. In a political speech. B. In a historical fiction. C. Ina travel magazine. D. In a geography text book. 【答案】（1）B （2）D （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。马耳他群岛拥有丰富的新石器时代遗址，尤其是马耳他群岛的寺庙建筑群最为著名。

（1）推理判断题。根据描述可知，作者在第一段对寺庙的期待。第二段对寺庙外围的描述，第三对寺庙可知，作者认为寺庙不是原来建的样子。文章大部分是对寺庙的外观进了描述，可见作者对其外观感到好奇，故答案选B项。

（2）推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。答案需要从文章的根据第三段Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed….Who knows? We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so.进行推断。根据第二段的We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so. 可知我们知道在过去的1000多年它们被改变过，被扩建过，即现在的寺庙不再是它们以前的样子了。题干What are we aware of about the construction of the temples? 文章内容We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or sochanged and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so.☞ D 选项They are not what they used to be.故答案选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，去那儿可以开车很容易。如果不介意走一会的话，你可以乘公共汽车到Qrendi（3公里）或Zurrieq（5公里），然后从那里步行。当然，尽管路途不远，在马尔他阳光下行走数公里可能非常困难，也可能是危险的。要喝水和涂防晒霜。分析开车直接去几乎不用晒太阳，故B正确 。选项A、D都要走路，会晒伤，文中说要多喝水，而非带水就不会晒伤，C错误。因此B符合题合题意。

（4）推理判断题。本文主要对了马耳他群岛的风景点作了简单的介绍，所以文章应该出出在旅游杂志上。故答案选C。 【点评】推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。 4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。

6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。

4．阅读理解

I stood in a noisy group of sixth grade students, waiting for the answer to our burning question: What type of crazy tie would Mr. Miller be wearing today?

Our teacher walked around the comer with a GREEN ELEPHANT TIE that matched his large elephant coffee cup! Oh, the satisfaction in our young hearts—a green elephant tie!

With his glasses at the tip of his nose, he greeted us cheerfully, “Good morning, folks!” He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.

I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons. But when he turned on the music, my classmates and I slowly turned our heads toward the sound of… Feter Paul and Mary singing “If I Had a Hammer”.

Snickers（窃笑）filled the room. If it wasn't rap or hip hop, we didn't recognize it. What were these people singing about? My classmates were not into this at all. But for me, a girl of 12, it was a discovery. An awakening.

Twenty years passed and now there are forty little eyes staring at my wild musical-note shirts as I greet them with a joyful, “Good morning, class!” I wonder if my students wait and wonder what crazy music clothes I will wear each day.

I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on－as I've carried on the legacy（遗产）of Mr. Miller.

One teacher, who dared to be different and open new worlds to kids like me, threw the significant stone into the pond of my life. I pray the ripples（涟漪）never end. （1）What can we infer about Mr. Miller?

A. He was an animal protector. B. He didn't take his work seriously.

C. He often dressed up in an unusual way. D. He often asked his students burning questions. （2）How did the author react to the song “If I Had a Hammer”?

A. Puzzled. B. Disappointed. C. Uninterested. D. Excited. （3）What does the underlined word “this” in the text refer to?

A. A kind heart. B. The smile. C. A gift for music. D. The love for teaching. （4）What is the author's purpose in writing this text?

A. To prove her love for music. B. To show a teacher's effect on her. C. To call on students to take up teaching. D. To share her experience in music learning. 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】文章通过自己的经历讲述了老师对自己的影响。

（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知作者的老师系了个绿色的大象领结来搭配他的大象

咖啡杯，再根据第三段He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.可以推断出他经常打扮地与众不同。故答案为C。 （2）细节理解题。根据第四段I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons.可知，作者很兴奋。故答案为D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on—as I've carried on the legacy (遗产) of Mr. Miller.可知，作者想知道哪位学生能像自己一样把老师对自己的影响---对教学的热爱继续下去。故答案为D。

（4）写作意图。文章前几段介绍了作者的老师对自己的影响，6，7，8段讲到自己作为老师也希望呢个向老师一样自己能对学生产生影响。所以，文章的写作意图是为了表明老师对自己的影响。故答案为B。 【点评】写作意图、目的、态度推断题

作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。主要命题为：1）询问写作目的的题， 2）询问语气态度的题。

5．阅读理解 About aspirin:

Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature. Who can take aspirin?

Adults and children over 16 years of age. Who should not take aspirin?

Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby. Women who are breast-feeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work. How to take aspirin:

Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.

The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets) in any 24 -hour period.

You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.

How to store aspirin:

Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children. Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose its effectiveness.

Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar. Possible side effects:

Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.

Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice. （1）In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?

A. Stomachache. B. Fever. C. Breathlessness. D. Nosebleed. （2）How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?

A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. （3）What type of writing is this text?

A. A hospital announcement. B. A medical report. C. A doctor's suggestions list. D. Medical instructions. 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.”可知，阿司匹林可以退烧，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets in any 24 -hour period.”可知，每次2-3片，一天不能超过12片，最多六次，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。本文属于说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项，因而是一篇药物使用说明书，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇药物使用说明书，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

The Mokoko tribe (部落) lived on the wrong side of the island of two faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff (悬崖), were like night and day. The good side was watered by rivers and was filled with trees and abundant food, while on the wrong side there was hardly any water or plants, and wild beasts crowded together. The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to the other side. Their life was hard and they lived in permanent terror of the beasts.

Along the edge of the cliff separating the two sides, a skinny but strong tree grew, with which they could build two poles. There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump, they didn't dare to. They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They put so much energy into these thoughts that they gave in.

But into that tribe were born Nam and Ariki, a pair of young hearts. One day, they decided to take up the poles. Nobody stopped them, but everyone did try to discourage them, trying to present how dangerous the jumping was, using a thousand explanations. \"And what if what they say is true?\" wondered the young Naru.

\"Don't worry. I am a bit scared too, but it doesn't look so difficult,\" replied Ariki, ever

determined.

\"But if it goes wrong, it will be a terrible end,\" continued Naru, undecided.

\"Perhaps the jump will go badly. But staying forever on this side of the island surely won't work out well either.\"

\"You're right. Let's do it tomorrow.\"

And on the next day, Naru and Ariki jumped to the good side of the island. When taking up the poles, while feeling their desire, the fear hardly allowed them to breathe. And while flying through the air, helpless and without support, they felt that something must have gone wrong and death awaited them. But when they landed on the other side, they thought the jump really hadn't been so bad after all.

（1）What situation were the Mokoko faced with?

A. They lived a difficult life without fearing the beasts. B. They suffered a lot due to the terrible environment.

C. They had easy access to the good side. D. They were surrounded by trees and rivers. （2）How did the chief and doctor feel when they were chosen?

A. Frightened. B. Energetic. C. Desperate. D. Satisfied.

（3）What's the tribe members' reaction when Nam and Ariki decided to take up the poles? A. The members desired to follow their steps. B. The members tried to prevent the behaviour.

C. The members convinced them of the danger. D. The members encouraged them to have a try.

（4）What can we infer about Naru and Ariki?

A. They overcame difficulty with courage and determination. B. They felt relaxed in the whole process of making the jump.

C. They never doubted the difficulty in making the jump. D. They hesitated to make the jump over and over again. 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个岛被大的悬崖分成完全不同的两部分，好的一面有水有树食物充足而另一面几乎没水没植物，野兽聚集。这个部落正好位于条件很恶劣的一面。讲述了Nam 和Ariki不畏艰险用勇气和决心克服了困难来到了岛的好的一面。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The Mokoko tribe (部落) lived on the wrong side of the island of two faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff (悬崖), were like night and day. ---The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to the other side. Their life was hard and they lived in permanent terror of the beasts.”可知，由于可怕的环境他们遭受了很多。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump, they didn't dare to”可知，首领和医生被选上时他们感到害怕。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They put so much energy into these thoughts that they gave in.”可知，成员确信他们是危险的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据两个人的的对话“ And what if what they say is true?\" wondered the young Naru. Don't worry I am a bit scared too, but it doesn't look so difficult, replied ariki, ever determined. \"Perhaps the jump will go badly. But staying forever on this side of the island surely won't work out well either. \"You're right. Let's do it tomorrow.\"和文章最后一句 But when they landed on the other side, they thought the jump really hadn't been so bad after all”可知,他们用勇气和决心克服了困难。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

A young woman sits alone in a café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter: \"Where are the toilets please?\" This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called \"silent cafés\where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.

The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a \"one woman wedding\"—a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression-“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.

One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the cafe, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I'm going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”

The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million \"hikikomori\" - a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who withdraw completely from society.

（1）What is special about the \"silent cafes\"?

A. It provides various tea and books. B. It has attracted many popular young people. C. It offers service by writing not by speaking. D. People are not allowed to communicate. （2）Which of the following statement can't account for the idea of being alone in Japan? A. Unstable economic situation B. A change in traditional family support pattern

C. The rising demand for privacy D. The increasing social isolation （3）What do we know about Higashikokubaru?

A. She doesn't like to be a nurse. B. She doesn't like the life in big cities. C. She travelled to Tokyo on her work days. D. She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place. （4）What is the best title of the passage?

A. Lonely Japanese B. One woman wedding C. Social recluses in Japan D. Silent cafes 【答案】（1）C （2）C （3）D （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本如今兴起的“无声咖啡馆\"的相关信息，特殊服务方式以及原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called ‘silent cafés’, where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.”可知在这家餐厅里顾客和服务员的交流是通过手写实现的。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation.”可知在日本出现这一现象是因为经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。故ABD三项都是原因。只有C项文章没有提及。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time.”可知Chihiro Higashikokubaru旅行90分钟来到东京享受solo time，说明她很喜欢solo time，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据文章主题段第一段可知在日本出现了“silent cafes”并介绍了在日本出现的新的社会现象，人们越来越喜欢独处。同时分析了出现这一现象的原因主要是经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。D项与主题段相关，能够很快切入主旨，可做文章的标题。选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How to Get to Holker

By Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester----1 hour 30 minutes.

By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times

Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges

Hall & Gardens Gardens £8.00 £5.5 Adults: £12.00 Groups £9 Special Events Producers: Market 13th April

Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.

Holker Garden Festival 30th May

The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August

Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November

This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.

（1）How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A. 20 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C. 45 minutes. D. 90 minutes. （2）How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens? A. ￡12.00. B. ￡9.00. C. ￡8.0. D. ￡5.50. （3）Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A. Producers' Market. B. Holker Garden Festival. C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market. 【答案】（1）D （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据How to Get to Holker部分中By car里的“Approximate travel times”面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1 hour and 30 minutes，即90分钟，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据Admission Charges可知，团体中的一员去Hall & Gardens 需要支付9英镑。故选B。

（3）考查细节理题。根据Winter Market部分中的“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.”可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去Winter Market。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇旅游指南，要求考准确在捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Since 2013, Torobo, a robotic arm designed to test the limits of artificial intelligence, has had one ambition—to be admitted to the University of Tokyo. However, it has repeatedly failed. This year was no exception.

In early November Torobo took an exam to prepare for an all-important standardized test. While Torobo's total score of 525 out of 950 was 14 points higher than in 2015，its standard score of 57.1% was slightly lower, because human students did better in the 2016 test.

Though the score，which is higher than the national average, is enough to get the robot admitted to many other famous Japanese universities, it falls short of the minimum required for the University of Tokyo.

A closer analysis of the results showed that Torobo's newly programmed ability to solve complex physics problems helped increase its

year-over-year physics score from 46. 5% to 59%. The robot also dug deep into its database of information from textbooks and websites to obtain

an impressive 66.3% in world history. The average 60% scores acquired in the two math sections, were not too shabby either.

But，while Torobo is able to handle knowledge-based questions and ones involving complex mathematical calculations, it has a hard time thinking independently. As a result, the robot is unable to fully understand multiple sentences and phrases to arrive at the logical conclusions required in the English language tests. This weakness was reflected in the weak oral and writing scores, which came in at 36.2% and 50.5%, respectively.

Fortunately, after four tiring years, the robot's creators have decided to free Torobo from its annual test-taking suffering, the research team will instead focus on improving the robot's ability to pick out specific answers from massive sets of data—a skill that led to its excellent history scores. They believe the expertise(专业技术）will help Torobo succeed as an industrial robot. （1）What is the disadvantage of Torobo?

A. It has much difficulty searching for facts. B. It doesn't own language skills. C. It has weak independent thinking ability. D. It couldn't get through the exams. （2）What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?

A. the score B. Torobo C. the University of Tokyo D. the national average （3）What did the exam results show? A. Torobo's score didn't reach the national average. B. Torobo's programmed ability improved its math score. C. Torobo was admitted to a university. D. Torobo did well in the history exam. （4）What is the text mainly about?

A. Subjects a robot are good at. B. A robot's performances in exams. C. Majors that are suitable for a robot. D. A robot's ways to deal with exams. 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款用来测试人工智能极限的机器人在考试中的表现和它的弊端。

（1）C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的前两句内容可知，Torobo的缺点是不擅长思考，不能理解复杂的句子。故选C.

（2）A 词义猜测题。根据上半句“Though the score，…, is enough to get the robot admitted to many other famous Japanese universities,”可知，前半句从句的主语the score就是主句的主语it所代指的。故选A.

（3）D 细节理解题。根据第四段各个学科得分的比较以及最后一段可知，Torobo的历史成绩非常好。故选D.

（4）B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了参加考试的机器人在各个学科方面的不同表现。故选B.

【点评】本文是一篇关于介绍机器人的说明性阅读理解。主要以细节理解题为主，抓住关键词，理解文章主旨。其中第二题比较有难度，需要排除其它选项。主旨题看前面一，二段一般可以透漏出端倪。

10．阅读理解

One of the most striking findings of a newly research in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.

Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start close relationships? Does modem life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for money or status. A man doesn't expect his wife to be in (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.

But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.

In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soul mate was limited by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never clear，many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster ( 牡蛎), you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.

But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by the limitations of choice. The expectations of partners are raised to an unmanageable degree: good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother, and right socks. There is no room for error in the first impression. We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn't, it should be ended. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating difficult. The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable income and Career before a life

partnership.

（1）What is a contemporary family like in UK today?

A. Couples share the burdens. B. Men begin to depend on women. C. Women are responsible for housework. D. It is difficult to take care of a family. （2）Why do people preserve their independence?

A. To live alone happily. B. To have more choices. C. To avoid marriages. D. To ignore traditions. （3）What makes it hard for people to date?

A. Mental headache in dating. B. The pressure to survive. C. Bad luck in finding a partner. D. The faith between life partners. （4）What is the author trying to inform us in this text? A. Perfect marriages conflict with independence. B. People should, spend more money on marriages. C. The expectations and reality separate the lovers. D. Independence is much more important than love. 【答案】（1）A （2）A （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本人是一篇说明文，美国最新的一项问卷调查发现，50%的人觉得找到相伴一生的另一半很困难，作者从工作经济压力以及对配偶要求过高等因素进行了分析。 (1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesn't expect his wife to be in sole (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.”可知现在的女子在经济上，男子也不能指望女子负责所有的家务和养孩子。说明现在是夫妻双方共同承担负担。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.”可知，人们认为独自生活也很好这种观念使得人们不愿意放弃他们的生活。故选A。

(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating(约会) difficult.”可知12小时的工作使得人们约会变得很困难，繁忙的工作花费了人们太多的精力。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章主要分析现在的人们为什么很难找到生活伴侣，其原因可能主要是对对方的期望过高以及经济压力较大的现实。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

The great-grandmother is learning English with the help of her family when she is at the age of 91. She hopes to use the language at next year's Olympic Games in Tokyo. Takamizawa was one of the more than 200, 00 people who requested to volunteer for Tokyo's 2020 Games. English is not required for service, but it is a useful skill for volunteers to have.

But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, \"In my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy language.\"

Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn. \"When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, 'It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' \". Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and main English teacher. Natsuko sends a new English word to her grandmother's phone every day. They also often work together directly on phrases that Takamizawa will need for the Olympics. \"Welcome to Tokyo, this is the Olympic stadium, how can I help you?\" Takamizawa answers when asked to say an English phrase she has learned. Natsuko explains that she wanted to give her grandmother something to enjoy. \"I can clearly see her English is getting better. It's my joy now.\"

The EF English Proficiency Index is a measure of the level of English spoken in a country. Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language. This situation is slowly changing as younger generations welcome English. However, Takamizawa believes real change will not happen unless Japanese people become more open to the rest of the world. With around 500 days to go until the games begin, the whole Takamizawa family is ready to welcome the world to Tokyo.

（1）Why couldn't Takamizawa learn English when she was young?

A. Because English was useless. B. Because she was too young to learn English. C. Because English was forbidden to learn. D. Because she was unwilling to learn English. （2）What can we know from the third paragraph? A. Takamizawa gets strong support from her family. B. Takamizawa's grandchildren love her a lot.

C. Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and only English teacher. D. Natsuko teaches Takamizawa English mainly by talking with her.

（3）What does the underlined phrase \"This situation\" in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. English is not the first language in Japan.

B. The level of English spoken in Japan is relatively low. C. Younger generations in Japan welcome English. D. Japanese people become open to the rest of the world. （4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Where there is a will, there is a way. B. It is never too late to learn. C. The early bird catches the worm. D. Two heads are better than one. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa为了做好迎接在东京举行的2020奥运会的志愿工作，在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下开始学习英语。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, ‘In my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy language.’”可知，是在她高中二年级时第二次世界大战大战爆发了，而英语因为是敌人的语言被禁止了，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn. ‘When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, ‘It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' ”.可知她的孙辈说服并且帮助她学习英语，因此推断她从家人那里得到很大的支持。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language.” 在英语不是第一语言的国家中，日本排名第49位。可知“This situation”指的是在日本人的英语水平相对较低，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要介绍了日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下学习英语，从她身上体现了“活到老，学到老”的精神，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Life Is Beautiful is a 1997 Italian film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni. The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

In 1939 in the Kingdom of Italy, a bookstore keeper Guido, who is a Jew, falls in love with a local school teacher, Dora, who is to be engaged to a rich civil servant. Guido steals her from her engagement party on a horse. Soon they are married and have a son, Giosue.

In 1945, Guido and his son are forced onto a train and taken to a concentration camp. Despite being a non-Jew, Dora demands to be on the same train to join her family. In the camp, Guido hides their true situation from his son, telling him that the camp is a complicated game in which Giosue must perform the tasks Guido gives him, earning him points；the first team to reach 1,000 points will win a tank.

Guido uses this game to explain features of the concentration camp that would otherwise be scary for a young child. Despite being surrounded by the misery, sickness and death at the camp, Giosue does not question this fiction because of his father's convincing performance and his own innocence. Guido keeps the story right until the end when, in the chaos（混乱）of shutting down the camp as the Americans approach, he tells his son to stay in a small box until everybody has left, this being the final competition before the tank is his. Guido tries to find Dora, but is caught and killed by a Nazi soldier. As he is taken away to be shot, he maintains the fictions of the

game by marching in a goose-step on purpose…

（1）How many Academy Awards does the film win?

A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four （2）What kind of person is Dora?

A. Loving and responsible. B. Money-loving and foolish. C. Romantic and hot-headed. D. Brave and intelligent （3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Guido lies to make their life more interesting. B. Giosue regards all that happens as a game.

C. Nazi soldiers killed all the Jews in the camp. D. Giosue finally knows the truth. （4）This passage is most probably taken from a(n) ________.

A. game brochure B. travel journal C. history book D. entertainment magazine 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，作者详细介绍了这部电影的内容。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.”可知Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Despite being a non-Jew, Dora demands to be on the same train to join her family.可”知虽然Dora不是犹太人，但是她决定和她的家人一起前往集中营，由此可知Dora非常痴情和负责任，故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Guido tries to find Dora, but is caught and killed by a Nazi soldier. As he is taken away to be shot, he maintains the fictions of the game by marching in a goose-step on purpose…”可知Guido马上就要被一名纳粹士兵杀死了，但他仍然故意走正步，好像在做游戏，由此推断出Giosue把发生的一切都当作一个游戏，故选B。 (4)考查推理判断。本文介绍了Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，并且作者对于这部电影的内容进行了详细的介绍，所以这篇文章最可能出自一本娱乐杂志，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Just a few years out of law school, I decided that I wanted to write fictions. The only thing I had ever published before was a law-review article. I had made great efforts to write when I came home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.

I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.

In my first year, I sold two stories. Then I wrote a novel, but I thought it wasn't good enough, so I ended up putting it in a drawer. My second novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, was published to glowing reviews and received the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.

My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write at my kitchen table.

Sometimes genius (天才) is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23. （1）When did the author decide to devote himself to writing fictions?

A. When he was tired from his work. B. Straight after graduation from law school. C. On being informed his law-review article came out. D. When his hobby was disturbed by his work.

（2）We can infer from the second paragraph that the author . A. led a wealthy life B. arranged his life reasonably C. was too diligent to relax himself D. remained single （3）What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage?

A. Failure is the mother of success. B. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. C. It is never too old to learn. D. It is the first step that costs troublesome. （4）Why did the author give the example of Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot?

A. To make a comparison between them and himself. B. To show creativity needs energy and efforts.

C. To persuade the readers of their great talents. D. To recommend their two masterpieces. 【答案】（1）D （2）B （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过讲述自己成功的经历，进一步证实了“失败是成功之母”的道理。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I had made great efforts to write when I came home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.”可知，当他的爱好被他的工作打扰时，作者决定投身于写作小说。故选D。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.”可知，我们可以从第二段推断出作者合理安排了他的生活。故选B。 (3)考查目的意图。根据第四段中的“My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was

far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write at my kitchen table.”可推知，失败是成功之母。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Sometimes genius (天才) is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.”可知，作者引用Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot的例子是为了要表现出创造力需要能量和努力。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目的意图三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

Twenty-five years ago, as a parent educator, I began reading about the dangers of praise. I was completely shocked by what I was learning: praise is not good for our kids. How could that be? So I spent years talking with experts, reading about the effects of praise, and finally decided to close the door on praise and focus on building an encouraging family.

Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, \"How can that be? How can saying 'Good job' or 'You're smart' be bad?\" I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.

If we tell a boy \"You are so smart!\" when he brings home an A in his math test, how does he feel when he comes home with a D? If we've told him that he is smart, then he will more likely feel a failure when he struggles with homework — \"I'm supposed to be smart. Why can't I do this?\"

Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a \"great job\" they are doing. This dependency shatters rather than builds children's confidence. Praise trains children to ask, \"Do you like it?\" \"Did I do a good job?\" \"Are you proud of me?\" They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children. Without even realizing it, parents may be using praise as a tool to direct the child's behavior. The message is clear — I approve of you when you … and I do not approve of you when you … Living with this kind of constant judgment can damage not only the child's confidence but also the relationship.

The solution to the problem of praise is encouragement. Encouragement can be given at any time, to anyone, in any situation. It is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice. Hearing \"You are so smart!\" can leave a child at a loss when they don't do well in a test. Using \"That took a lot of work to come home with an A in your test …\" gives a child the chance to be something else.

（1）What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?

A. Many parents can't get on well with their children. B. The author never shows any approval to his children.

C. It's hard for many parents to believe praise is harmful. D. The author spent 25 years changing people's opinion on praise.

（2）According to the passage, it seems that parents' praise ______. A. can lead to children's being smart B. might have just the opposite effect C. is a good tool to educate their children D. helps them get along well with their children （3）Which of the following is a good example of encouragement?

A. You are very good at math. B. You are the best artist I have ever seen. C. You have a problem and you have to fix it. D. You didn't think you could finish in time, but you did. 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了表扬对孩子成长的害处并提出建议我们应该多鼓励。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段作者的经历以及第二段中的“Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, ‘How can that be? How can saying 'Good job' or 'You're smart' be bad?’ I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.”可知很多父母不相信表扬是有害的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a ‘great job’ they are doing. This dependency shatters rather than builds children's confidence. Praise trains children to ask, ‘Do you like it?’‘Did I do a good job?’ ‘Are you proud of me?’They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. ”以及第五段中的“Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children.”可知表扬可能会起到适得其反的效果，所以选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice.“可知鼓励是一个评论，认可，你个对于努力，进步，选择的陈述，所以选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

Google is consistently rated the best place to work. So you need a degree from Harvard to in the door, right?

Not really, according to Laszlo Bock, Google's Head of People Operations. When the company was small, Google cared a lot about getting kids from Harvard, Stanford, MIT and many other Ivy League schools. But Bock said it was the \"wrong\" hiring strategy. Experience has taught him there are exceptional kids at many other places, from state schools in California to New York.

\"What we find is the best people from places like that are just as good, if not better, as anybody you can get from any Ivy League school, \"said Bock, who just authored a book titled \"Work Rules!\"

Every year, 2 million people apply to get a job at Google. Bock himself has seen some 25, 000 résumés.

So what else does Google not care about:

Grades: Google's data shows that grades predict performance for the first two years of a career, but do not matter after that.

Brain-teasers: Gone are interview questions such as: Why are manhole covers（井盖)round? or How many golf balls can fit in a school bus? \"Our research tells us those questions are a waste of time, \"Bock said \"They're a really coachable skill. The more you practice, you get better at it. \" Here's what Google does care about:

Problem solvers: Your cognitive ability(认知能力), or how well you solve problems.

Leaders: The idea is not whether you were president of the student body or vice president of the bank, but rather:\" When you see a problem do you step in, help solve it, \"and then critically, \"Are you willing to step out and let somebody else take over, and make room for somebody else? Are you willing to give up power?\"

Googleyness: That's what Google calls its cultural fit. It's not \"Are you like us?\" Bock said. \"We actually look for people who are different, because diversity gives us great ideas.\"

\"What's most important is that people are intellectually humble, willing to admit when they're wrong, and care about the environment around them… because we want people who think like owners not employees, \"Bock said.

The least important thing? Knowing how to do the job.

\"We figure if you get the first three right you'll figure it out most of the time.\" （1）What does Bock mean in Paragraph 2? A. People from state schools can be as good.

B. Google no longer hires people from Ivy League schools. C. Hiring is a hard job for Google.

D. State schools are worse than Ivy League ones. （2）Which question belongs to a brain-teaser? A. What are your grades like?

B. What is the significance of figuring out target users? C. How would you improve a Google product? D. How much toilet paper is needed to cover Texas? （3）Who is a qualified leader according to Google?

A. One eager for power. B. One capable of working independently. C. One willing to step aside. D. One operating an organization. （4）What is Googleyness?

A. Being unique. B. Being adaptable. C. Being qualified. D. Being loyal. 【答案】（1）A （2）D

（3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了比起文凭和学历，谷歌更看重什么。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Experience has taught him there are exceptional kids at many other places, from state schools in California to New York.”可知Bock的意思是经验告诉他，在一些别的地方，比如加利福尼亚或纽约的公立学校中，也会有一些天赋超常的人才，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据“Brain-teasers: Gone are interview questions such as: Why are manhole covers（井盖)round? or How many golf balls can fit in a school bus?‘Our research tells us those questions are a waste of time,’Bock said‘They're a really coachable skill. The more you practice, you get better at it.’”智力问答：谷歌不再出这样的面试题了：为什么井盖是圆的？或者是：多少个高尔夫球能装满一辆校车？博克说：“我们的调查显示，这么问纯粹是浪费时间。因为这些是能够通过训练提高的技能，你练习得越多，就能答得更好。”由此推断出“覆盖德克萨斯州需要多少卫生纸”这是一个脑筋急转弯，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据“Leaders:The idea is not whether you were president of the student body or vice president of the bank,but rather:‘When you see a problem do you step in,help solve it,’and then critically，‘Are you willing to step out and let somebody else take over，and make room for somebody else?Are you willing to give up power?’”这不是说你得是学生会或是银行副总理，而是“当你遇到问题时能不能介入，帮助解决问题”。然后是眼光要犀利，“可以退出来让别人接管吗？能够让位于别人吗？可以放弃权力吗？”，由此可知依据谷歌的说法，一个愿意退让的人是一个合格的领导者，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据Googleyness: That's what Google calls its cultural fit. It's not‘Are you like us?’Bock said.‘We actually look for people who are different，because diversity gives us great ideas.’” 这点被谷歌称作文化契合度。它并不是“你和我们一样吗？”博克说：“事实上，我们在寻找和我们不一样的人，因为多样性能给谷歌带来卓越的想法。由此推知独一无二的人是具有谷歌精神的人，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

In the future those who are taking care of old people may get help from the house itself. Over the last few years, new technology, such as the Internet, Wi-Fi and flat TV screens, has changed our homes and the way that we live. Now, another technology revolution is happening. A new project at the University of Hertfordshire wants to create a home that monitors people living in it who are elderly.

The researchers have developed a wristband device（装置）which helps us to watch the elderly person who is wearing it. The device collects information to see if the person has fallen or has wandered away from where he or she should be.

The assisted-living project is part of the university's wider Interhome project, which is the development of a smart house. The house remembers the habits of the person who lives there

and it uses very low amounts of energy. The Interhome team hope that offering this service will help take care of the elderly. They say, \"It's very important that these technologies are there to help and support and not replace any of the existing services.\"

The Interhome is not just a research method. It's also a way for students from different scientific backgrounds to learn and develop technology. The university uses the latest technology to help students get experience by developing new hardware and software themselves. The team includes design, engineering and computer science students working together.

\"We are working on a smart-home project in Watford with some companies at the moment,\" says the project leader. \"We are looking at how a smart home can provide even more services.\" This could help millions of old people around the world have a better and safer life in the future. （1）The wristband device benefits its users by .

A. changing the living habits of the elderly B. monitoring people who live in a smart home C. offering information to the person wearing it D. watching over the elderly who may fall or get lost

（2）Whom does the University of Hertfordshire have in its research team? A. Students who want to find a job eagerly. B. Students who prefer to work on their own. C. Students from different scientific backgrounds. D. Students with a lot of rich working experience.

（3）What is the project leader's attitude towards the future of the smart home project? A. Uncertain. B. Uninterested. C. Optimistic. D. Disappointed. （4）What might be the main idea of the passage?

A. A wristband device has changed the way that we live. B. A smart home helps students develop hardware and software.

C. An Interhome project has been put into use to help the elderly. D. An Interhome project will help the old live a better and safer life. 【答案】（1）D （2）C （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，将来那些照顾老人的人可能会得到帮助。研究人员开发了一种腕带装置帮助我们关注戴着它的老人。Interhome团队希望提供这项服务将有助于照顾老人。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The device collects information to see if the person has fallen or has wandered away from where he or she should be”可知该装置是收集老人是否摔倒；是否走失之类的信息。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ The team includes design engineering and computer science. Science students working together”可知该研究队成员包括设计部学生，工程部学生，计算机科学部学生;这些学生共同努力研制。可以推知：成员来自不同科技背景的学生。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This could help millions of old people around the

world have a better and safer life in the future”可知项目部领导对“智能家庭”项目的态度是很乐观的。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Now, another technology revolution is happening”可知现在这款新科技将要改变生活。本文主要讲的是一款新科技要帮助老人过上更好的生活，而不是“帮学生研发硬件和软件”。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

17．阅读理解

The National Postal Museum is divided into galleries that explore America's postal history. Visitors will have a full picture of the creation and fantastic varieties of postage stamps. World of Stamps

Video images bring stamps to life and attract visitors who explore the surrounding displays. Visitors encounter the world's first postage stamp — the 1840 Penny Black and learn how it revolutionized communication. Stamp images, including Dr. Martin Luther King's \"I have a dream\" speech and the stamp that helped raise almost $72 million dollars for breast cancer research, explain how stamps have shaped history and honored people and places worldwide. Gems of American Philately

Visitors have the opportunity of examining 13 of the most rare and highly valued stamps in the world of the stamp collection, including the most famous American stamp of all, the 1918 Inverted Jenny. A video explains why the Inverted Jenny and other stamps displayed here are the most valuable. The treasures in this area are rarely available for public viewing. Each tells a story about an important event in US history. Mail Marks History

The markings on mail provide valuable clues to the surprising ways mail has been transported over time, including challenges and even disasters encountered along the way. You will understand these markings by following the journeys of three historic letters. Connect with US Stamps

Visitors explore their own connections with stamps. At three touch screen tables, they create their own stamp collection based on the topics that interest them most. They can also create their own stamp designs. Visitors have the chance to view videos in which stamp designers talk about their craft, stamp collectors explain what they collect and why, and footage(片段) shows the process of making stamps.

（1）What can you do at World of Stamps?

A. Photograph some nice stamps on display. B. Learn more about the great importance of stamps.

C. Donate money to cancer research. D. Listen to a speech by Martin Luther King on video.

（2）What can you see at Gems of American Philately?

A. Some famous designers in the US. B. Some newly released stamps in the US.

C. Some of the most valuable US stamps. D. Some important public reviews of stamps. （3）Where can you see how stamps are created?

A. Connect with US Stamps B. Gems of American Philately C. Mail Marks History D. World of Stamps （4）Where does this text come from?

A. An official report. B. An exhibition guide. C. An announcement. D. An art show review. 【答案】（1）B （2）C （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国国家邮政博物馆几个展厅的展览内容。 （1）考查推理判断。根据World of Stamps部分中的“Video images bring stamps to life and attract visitors who explore the surrounding displays.”和下文列举世界上第一张邮票，马丁路德金演讲邮票和帮助乳腺癌研究筹钱邮票的例子，说明在这里人们能够更多了解邮票的知识和重要性。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Gems of American Philately部分中的“Visitors have the opportunity of examining 13 of the most rare and highly valued stamps in the world of the stamp collection,”可知游客们在这里能够有机会欣赏到世界上最珍贵的13枚邮票。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Connect with US Stamps部分中的“They can also create their own stamp designs. Visitors have the chance……and footage(片段) shows the process of making stamps.”可知在这里能够看到邮票制作的过程。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。本文介绍了美国国家邮政博物馆几个展厅的展览内容，此类文章不属于官方报告，公告，也不属于艺术展览评论。它属于展览指导，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

18．阅读理解

When I was 12 years old, I already knew that my teen years were going to be the worst years of my life. I was a total outsider, bullied (欺凌) at school. I felt completely alone in my small town. But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14, I turned my problem into a passion for helping others. The opportunity to practice kindness made me feel like my life had a greater purpose. The more positive energy I shared, the more kindness and appreciation I received. I realized that my purpose in life would be to reach out to people, specifically teenagers, and help them feel less alone.

Books were my true friends back then. I was so thankful that the authors wrote those books. The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. One of my biggest dreams was to become an author so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me.

After surviving terrible experiences at school and at home, I made a choice to take the

optimistic, positive road in the next steps of my journey. My dream career, one I thought was only possible for the authors I loved, is what I am doing now. I have been a full-time author of teen novels since 2007 and am grateful for this amazing opportunity to reach out to readers every single day.

Kindness saved me when I needed help the most. Even small acts of kindness can change someone's life. You never know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily kindness, you become an architect of positive change. （1）What was the author's life like when he was 12? A.Boring. B.Peaceful. C.Unhappy. D.Meaningful.

（2）How did the volunteer work benefit the author? A.It made him popular in his town. B.It helped him find the meaning of life. C.It helped him understand others' lives better. D.It helped to shape his dream career.

（3）Why did the author choose writing as his job? A.He was inspired by his teacher. B.He could pass positive energy to readers. C.He wanted to share his school experiences. D.He found he had a talent for writing.

（4）What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A.Say 'no' to bullies bravely. B.Make positive changes in their lives. C.Treat others with kindness in daily life. D.Learn to care more about others' feelings. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己参加志愿活动的经历，告诉人们：一次小善举也可能改变一个人的一生。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“When I was 12 years old, I already knew that my teen years were going to be the worst years of my life.”可知，十二岁时，“我”就意识到青少年时期是“我”一生中最糟糕的阶段；以及“I was a total outsider, bullied at school”，“我”觉得自己是局外人，说明此时的生活是不如意的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14, I turned my problem into a passion for helping others. The opportunity to practice kindness in the face of so much anger made me feel like my life had a greater purpose.”可知，但是在我14岁的时候开始做志愿者工作，我把我的问题变成了帮助别人的热情。面对如此多的愤怒，我有

机会实践仁慈，这让我觉得我的生活有一个更大的目标。因此推断参加志愿活动给“我”提供了表达善意的机会，让“我”感觉到生活有更大的意义。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. One of my biggest dreams was to become an author so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me.”可知，书中作者的善意拯救了“我”的生活，“我”最大的梦想就是成为一名作家，可以写书去帮助其他的青少年，把善意传递给他们。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Even small acts of kindness can change someone's life. You never know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily kindness, you become an architect of positive change.”可知，作者在提醒我们注意善意的力量，一次小善举也可能改变一个人的一生，平时以善意待人，会让人们成为积极改变的缔造者。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

19．阅读理解

Finding true love can be prey tough for a lot of people, but a lady from a fairly well-known San Francisco advertising agency seems to think money helps. She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right. She wants to find her future husband through this way.

The unnamed husband seeker who sent out the email had just finished reading the best-selling book named Lean In. It was 11 p.m. on a Sunday night and she realized this was the second self-help book she had read in the month. She was still single. Things were not looking fine, but there was hope for her still. If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different? But instead of going out and meeting new people she decided to write an email to all her friends, offering to give them $10,000 on her wedding day if any of them managed to introduce her to her future husband.

“I am writing you today because I've decided to make an aggressive action plan on finding the man that I get to hang out with forever,” the woman writes in her email. “Introducing me to my husband is just not high on your to-do list. But I think I have an idea that might change that…” You guessed it, and this is where she offers to reward her “closest friends” with cold hard cash. “I will personally give ten thousand dollars to the friend who introduces me to my husband.” Here is how the program works:

Step 1: You set me up on a date with a man. Step 2: I marry that man.

Step 3: I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.

I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”

（1）What does the lady offer $10,000 to any of her friends for?

A. Celebrating the fact that she has made a decision to find a husband. B. Checking the

power of money among her circle of friends.

C. Encouraging her friends to help find her Mr. Right. D. Sharing her happiness of having found true love.

（2）What does the underlined word “nuts” mean in the last paragraph? A. delicious B. sensible C. angry D. foolish （3）What's the purpose of the author's mentioning getting a better job in Paragraph 2? A. To stress the importance of finding a good job. B. To stress the importance of taking a positive attitude.

C. To show that waiting patiently is necessary to get a job. D. To state that we need to be patient before a job is offered.

（4）What kind of person do you think the lady is?

A. Adventurous B. Imaginative C. Considerate D. Polite 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。有一位女士为了找到一个丈夫，她许诺谁给她找到了Mr. Right.就给谁$10,000。人们认为她是“傻的”，没有给$10,000也能找到一个丈夫。 (1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right.”可知这位女士是为了鼓励朋友们帮助她找到她的Mr. Right.故选C。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据“I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.”和根据最后一段中的“I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”这位女士给帮助她找到丈夫的人$10,000。这就是了。没有给$10,000.也能找到一个丈夫。由此推知划线词的意思是“愚蠢的，傻的”。故选D。 (3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different?”可知提到一份好工作的目的是强调态度积极的重要性，故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。通读全文，我们可以知道这位女士为了找到一位丈夫，而付出一万美元，谁能帮她找到丈夫，谁就能得到这笔钱。这说明她是一个敢于冒险的人。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

20．阅读理解

If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple — eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.

During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.

The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.

In a test, participants were told to watch TV — where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.

The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.

The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”

Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”

（1）According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______. A. has the same taste as them B. advertises his products on TV

C. reduces the price of his products D. pays attention to the quality of his products （2）The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ______. A. food plays an important role in earning people's trust B. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them

C. people who have similar tastes to their boss's earn more D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV

（3）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other. B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.

C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn't been proved by researchers. D. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.

（4）Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end. C. Birds of a feather flock together. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. 【答案】（1）A （2）A （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了相似吸引理论在食物上也成立，芝加哥大学

研究人员进行的实验表明食物对人的信任起着重要的作用。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar kind of food to them at the time.”可知，顾客很可能从味道相同的经销商那里购买产品。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.“可知美国Chicago University研究表明食物在赢得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, ‘This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have the common ground and can trust the other person. Thai means negotiations are more likely to the successful.’”可知，吃相似食物的人更容易信任对方。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据每条谚语的意思A. Honesty is the best policy. “诚实为上策”。B. All good things come to an end. “天下没有不散的筵席”。C. Birds of a feather flock together. “人以群分 物以类聚”。D. Where there is a will, there is a way.“有志者，事竟成”。可知C项符合题意。选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。