(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the \"system\" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.
If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define \"pricehat price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller for a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and other factors. For example, when the payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, and return privileges. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total \"package\" being exchanged for the asked-for amount o money in order that they may evaluate a given price.
（分数：20.00）
(1).What is the best title for the passage? A. The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System. B. The Complexities of the Price System. C. Credit Terms in Transactions.
D. Resource Allocation and the Public Sector.（分数：5.00） A. B. √ C. D.
解析：[解析] 文章第一段告诉我们，各种不同的因素构成了价格体系，而价格体系内部诸多因素又相互依赖。第二段阐述价格的意义不仅仅是钱的数量，而且还涉及产品的质量、交换服务、时间和地点、信誉、折扣率、产品的保证、送货和返回的优惠等等。本题正确答案为B项。
(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?
A. Instructions that come with a product. B. The quantity of a product. C. The quality of a product. D. Warranties that cover a product.（分数：5.00） A. √ B. C. D.
解析：[解析] 本题为唯一否定题，即细节题。从第二段第三句开始一直到结尾是对“价格”的解释。大概意思是：要全面理解交易过程中价格的意义，买卖双方要了解的不仅仅是钱的数量，而且还有产品的质量、交换服务、时间和地点等等。B、C和D三项都提到了，只有A项没有提到。因此，本题正确答案为A项。 (3).In the last sentence of the passage, the word \"they\" refers to ______. A. return privileges B. all the factors C. buyer and seller D. money（分数：5.00） A. B. C. √ D.
解析：[解析] 最后一句的意思是：换句话说，买卖双方为了评估所给的价格，都应该了解所有这些组成该“一揽子交易”的因素。显然是买卖双方评估。因此，本题正确答案为C项。 (4).The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ______. A. unusual ways to advertise products B. all the factors C. money
D. how certain elements of a price \"package\" influence its market value（分数：5.00） A. B. C. D. √
解析：[解析] 文章最后一句说明，买卖双方应根据影响价格的各种因素来评估所提出的价格。那么接下来就有可能论述这些因素会如何影响价格，也就是产品的市场价值。因此，本题正确答案为D项。
三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
Unlike their American or European counterparts, car salesmen in Japan work hard to get a buyer. Instead of wandering around showrooms waiting for customers to drop by, many Japanese car salesmen still go out to get them. They walk on the streets selling cars door-to-door. New customers are hunted with a vengeance and existing ones entertained with fruit and cakes on their birthdays. But life is getting tough—and not just because new-car sales are falling.
With more Japanese women (who often control the household budget) going out to work, the salesmen increasingly find nobody at home when they call. That means another visit in the evening or at the weekend. Then they face an extra problem: more people, especially the young, prefer to choose a new car from a showroom where they can compare different models.
Even as late as the mid-1980s some 90% of new cars were sold door-to-door. In some rural areas most new cars are still sold this way. But in the big cities more than half the new cars are now sold from showrooms.
Although investing in showrooms is expensive because of the high cost of Japanese land, dealers have little choice. A labor shortage and higher expectations among Japan's workforce are making it difficult to recruit door-to-door salesmen. Most of a Japanese car salesman's working day is spent doing favors for customers, like arranging insurance or picking up vehicles for servicing, rather than actually selling.
Japan's door-step car salesmen are not about to vanish. The personal service they provide is so deep-rooted in Japan that they are likely to operate alongside the new showrooms. The two systems complement each other. What increasingly happens is that the showroom attracts the interest of a potential buyer, giving the footsore salesmen a firm lead to follow up with a home visit.
（分数：20.00）
(1).The one reason why dealers' life is getting tough is that ______. A. new car sales are falling
B. Japan is in recession
C. car prices are increasing fast
D. high inflation has dented the customers' purchasing power（分数：5.00） A. √ B. C. D.
解析：[解析] 第一段最后一句：汽车推销员的日子越来越不好过——不仅仅是因为新车销售量在降低。这里just说明“新车销售量在降低”是原因之一。而B、C和D三项在文中没有提及。因此，本题正确答案为A项。
(2).More working women pose a great threat to ______.
A. their families B. car sales C. workforce D. men's career（分数：5.00） A. B. √ C. D.
解析：[解析] 本题既为细节题又为推断题。第二段第一、二句：随着越来越多的(控制家庭预算的)妇女出去工作，推销员们拜访时扑空的次数越来越多。因此只好等晚上或周末再拜访。因此可以推断说推销员的工作日延长了，因而也就威胁着汽车的销售量。因此，本题正确答案为B。 (3).Which of the following is true?
A. More new cars are sold in big cities than in rural areas. B. More new cars are sold in rural areas than in big cities. C. About 10% of new cars were sold in showrooms in the mid-1980s.
D. European car salesmen are lazier than American car dealers.（分数：5.00） A. B. C. √ D.
解析：[解析] 第三段第一句：即使到了20世纪80年代中期，大约90%的新车也是挨门逐户推销卖出去的。而前两段已告诉我们汽车销售的两种形式：挨门逐户推销和汽车市场。因此另10%肯定是在showroom销售的。故本题正确答案为C项。
(4).The number of Japanese car salesmen is reducing because of ______. A. a labor shortage
B. higher expectation among Japan's workforce C. high cost of land
D. both A and B（分数：5.00） A. B. C. D. √
解析：[解析] 第四段第二句：日本劳动力的缺乏和较高的要求使得他们很难招聘到挨门逐户的推销员。因此，本题正确答案为D项。
四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
\"There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they're 18, and the truth is far from that,\" says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. \"There is a major shift in the middle class,\" declares sociologist Allen Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.
Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a
condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.
Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, \"It's ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.\" But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy; some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. \"What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,\" she explains. \"He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends' houses.\"
Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with \"a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.\" And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.
（分数：20.00）
(1).According to the author, there was once a trend in the U.S. ______. A. for young adults to leave their parents and live independently B. for middle class young adults to stay with their parents
C. for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence
D. for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents（分数：5.00） A. √ B. C. D.
解析：[解析] 第一段第二、三句：现在，与父母住在一起的年轻人的数量无法估计。“在中产阶级中有一个很大的变化，”社会学家Allen Schnaiberg指出，他19岁的儿子在离家8个月后又搬回家住了。第二段第一句：分析家认为造成这种回家的趋势原因有很多。而问题是：在美国曾经有一种趋向是什么。因此，可推断出本题正确答案为A项。
(2).Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest? A. Young adults find housing costs too much.
B. Young adults are psychologically and intellectually immature. C. Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.
D. Quite a number of young adults attend local schools.（分数：5.00） A. B. √ C. D.
解析：[解析] 文章第二段叙述了年轻人回家住的原因：结婚年龄在上升，使得家庭的舒适越来越吸引年轻人；高离婚率和再婚率的降低越来越多地把经济拮据、感情受到伤害的年轻人送回到父母的怀抱；远离家乡求学的费用非常昂贵，因此许多学生就在本地上学；即使毕业后，年轻人也发现他们无力支付昂贵的公寓租金。显然，A、C和D三项符合第二段的意思。因此，本题正确答案为B项。
(3).One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is that ______. A. there will inevitably be inconveniences in everyday life B. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family going
C. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parents
D. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents（分数：5.00） A. √ B. C. D.
解析：[解析] 第三段后半部分由But引出年轻人和父母住在一起的一些矛盾；但是住在一起需要大家都做一些调整。多数家庭会为浴室、电话和隐私争吵。本题正确答案为A项。
(4).According to the passage, what is the best for both parents and children? A. They should adjust themselves to sharing the family expenses. B. Children should visit their parents from time to time.
C. Adult children should leave their parents when they are grown-up.
D. Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble.（分数：5.00） A. B. √ C. D.
解析：[解析] 文章最后一段是作者的一些建议：大多数心理学家认为和父母一起住得太长是个错误。一方面，孩子为确立自己的地位的努力最后可能以失败告终。另一方面，年老的父母应该享受一些经济和个人的自由时却发现他们仍然要负很多责任。很多人认为短暂的来访比较好。因此，本题正确答案为B项。
五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
Imagine eating everything delicious you want—with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it?
New \"fake fat\" products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it's up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.
Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.
Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) \"grab\" molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.
The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.
Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.
Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.
（分数：20.00）
(1).We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that ______. A. contains plenty of nutrients
B. makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious C. renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitamins D. makes foods easily digestible（分数：4.00） A. B. √ C. D.
解析：[解析] 我们可以从文章中得知olestra是一种不能被消化吸收但却能保持食物美味的物质。正确回答本题的关键在于理解第一段和第六段的意思。
(2).The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be ______. A. just as anticipated B. commercially useless
C. quite unexpected D. somewhat controversial（分数：4.00） A. B. C. √ D.
解析：[解析] 从文章的第三段可以看出，人们是在20世纪60年代发现olestra的，当他们在寻找一种易于婴儿消化的脂肪时，却发现了根本不能消化的olestra，因此，其结果是“出乎意料的”。 (3).Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ______. A. it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the body B. it passes through the intestines without being absorbed C. it helps reduce the incidence of heart disease
D. it prevents excessive intake of vitamins（分数：4.00） A. B. √ C. D.
解析：[解析] 从文章的第三、四、五、六段可以看出，与一般脂肪相比，olestra是一种根本不能够被消化的脂肪。尤其是第六段第二句更是明确指出：It just slides through the intestines without being broken down。
(4).What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics? A. It may increase the risk of cancer. B. It may spoil the consumers' appetite. C. It may impair the digestive system.
D. It may affect the overall fat intake.（分数：4.00） A. √ B. C. D.
解析：[解析] 从文章的第六段可以看出，olestra会阻止维生素A、D、E、K的吸收，也会阻止类胡萝卜素的吸收，而类胡萝卜素可以减少癌症、心脏病等病症的发病率，因此olestra的一个消极的作用在于增加患癌的风险。
(5).Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra? A. People may be induced to eat more than necessary. B. It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.
C. It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.
D. The function of the intestines may be weakened.（分数：4.00） A. √ B. C. D.
解析：[解析] 从文章的最后一段可以看出，人们将维生素加入食物后，营养学家们关注的是人们可能吃过多的食物，而不去注意他们吸收的卡路里量，因此，答案应为A项。
六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War Ⅰ and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s. In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
President Hoover's successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation's soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.
（分数：20.00）
(1).What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products? A. The impact of the Great Depression. B. The shrinking of overseas markets.
C. The destruction caused by the First World War.
D. The increased exports of European countries.（分数：4.00） A. B. √ C. D.
解析：[解析] 事实判断题。问的是美国农产品需求量下降的原因。文章第一段第一句就指出，欧洲国家从第一次世界大战中恢复过来并且制定了紧缩农产品进口量的计划，导致20世纪20年代美国农产品需求量下降。因此，引起对美国农产品需求量下降的原因是由于海外市场的收缩，即欧洲国家经济的复苏及其紧缩进口量的计划。该句即是这因果关系的关键词。A项只是使这一现象加重的原因，C、D项则明显与短文内容相悖。答案为B项。
(2).The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was ______. A. to increase farm production
B. to establish agricultural laws
C. to prevent farmers from going bankrupt
D. to promote the mechanization of agriculture（分数：4.00） A. B. C. √ D.
解析：[解析] 事实判断题。问在20世纪20年代美国在农业领域首要关注的是什么。文章第二段及第三段都涉及了对农业采取的措施。第二段第二句话谈到要建立直接干预供给和需求的，并要建立第一个全国性的委员会为农民提供更大的经济稳定性。第三段谈到了后来继任总统采取的各种具体措施，诸如给予农业一种权力，他可以通过与农民订立自愿的协议，农民使土地休耕而付给他们钱进行补偿。从这些事实可推断，美国首要关注的是防止农民破产。
(3).The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to ______. A. reduce their scale of production B. make full use of their land
C. adjust the prices of their farm products
D. be self-sufficient in agricultural production（分数：4.00） A. √ B. C. D.
解析：[解析] 事实判断题。问美国调整农业的法案是为了鼓励农民做什么。文章第三段谈到继任总统通过一项法案，给予农业一种权力，他可与农民订立自愿的协议，农民使土地休耕而给他们进行补偿，通过有计划地减少产量以提高农产品价格。因此，美国的法案是鼓励农民缩小农业生产的规模。B、C项均属行为，而非鼓励农民自己去做的事。D项与短文事实相去甚远，self-sufficient只在第一段提到。
(4).The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act ______.
A. might cause greater scarcity of farm products
B. didn't give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power C. would benefit neither the government nor the farmers
D. benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others（分数：4.00） A. B. C. D. √
解析：[解析] 事实判断题。问美国最高否决农业法案是因为他们认为法案怎么样。文章第三段后半部分说，该法案被宣布违宪是因为用对公众征收的税去支付给一个特殊的群体。文章倒数第二、三句说：该法案以保护水土的名义被通过，因为水土保护符合全体国民的利益，而非以牺牲其他公民的利益为代价来维护农民的利益。所以D项正确。
(5).It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at ______.
A. reducing the cost of farming
B. conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation C. lowering the burden of farmers
D. helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers（分数：4.00） A. B. √ C.
D.
解析：[解析] 事实判断题。问新通过的法案的立法目的是什么。从文章第三段可以看出，虽然美国最高否决了第一个法案，但却通过了第二个法案，第二个法案主要是基于如下理由：通过使土地休耕和防治洪水的措施来达到保护水土的目的，这符合全体国民的利益。因此选B项。D项最具干扰性。题干问的是：该法案声称其立法目的是什么?从文章中不难看出，该法案虽然实际上是想提高农产品价格以保护农民的生产，但遭否决后转而声称是为了全体国民的利益而保护水土。
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