过去分词的用法 past participle
提问：非谓语动词：现在分词（主动和进行），过去分词（被动和完成），不定式
非谓语动词在高考中占有非常重要的作用，尤其在单项选择中比重比较大，学好了非谓语动词，不仅对理解完形填空和阅读理解有帮助，而且在书面表达中使用会使文章增色不少，分数自然提升。根据每年对高考题型的分析，非谓语动词所占分值已接近于时态题，比重在15%左右。而过去分词常考的一大项。
回忆过去分词构成规则：规则动词四种变化（一般加ed，不发音e结尾，辅音字母加y结尾，双写）不规则见表
用法：
一， 过去分词作定语attribute
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词，既可以表示被动又可以表示完成之意。
1,单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。
The injured boy is now being taken good care of in the hospital.(被动)
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.（完成）
2,过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.
特殊：有些过去分词作定语修饰名词时只能后置，往往是动作具有暂时性，given, left或者是一些复合代词，指示代词something, those
Hurry up, we have little time left.
Is there anything unsolved?
3, 过去分词作定语也可用作非性定语从句，前后用逗号隔开（起补充说明作用，缺少不影响句意）
The book, written by Lu Xun, is very popular with many Chinese people.
二， 过去分词作表语predicative
表示主语所处的状态或思想感情，无完成或被动之意。
He looked excited after reading the letter.
Don’t touch the glass because it’s broken.
三， 过去分词作宾语补足语object complement
1,过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语在逻辑上构成被动关系。
I often find some students punished by the teacher.
2, 少数不及物动词go, change, fall过去分词作宾补，仅表示完成，无被动。
In fall, you will find the leaves changed from green to yellow.
3, 动词seat, hide, dress等过去分词作宾补，一般表示状态不表示被动。
I noticed her dressed in black today.
4,常用过去分词作宾补的结构：
表示感觉或心理状态的词，see, hear, notice, watch, find, feel, think, consider
They considered the matter settled.
使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep, hold
I’m trying to make myself understood.
He had his hair cut yesterday.
With +宾语+过去分词
With our homework finished, we can go out to play.
四,过去分词做状语adverbial
进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生的背景或状况。作状语时功能：
原因状语Caught in the heavy rain, he was all wet.
时间状语Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
条件状语Given another chance, he will do better.
方式状语Surrounded by trees, the house looks very beautiful.
让步状语 尽管Defeated again, he did not lose heart.
过去分词作状语时，前面有时带有when, if, while, though, even if等连词，能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
(与过去式区别，现在分词及不定式用法区别，小细节)
1，过去分词作定语attribute
The injured boy is now being taken good care of in the hospital.(被动)
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.（完成）
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.
Hurry up, we have little time left.
Is there anything unsolved?
The book, written by Lu Xun, is very popular with many Chinese people.
2，过去分词作表语predicative
He looked excited after reading the letter.
Don’t touch the glass because it’s broken.
3, 过去分词作宾语补足语object complement
I often find some students punished by the teacher.
In fall, you will find the leaves changed from green to yellow.
I noticed her dressed in black today.
常用过去分词作宾补的结构：
表示感觉或心理状态的词，see, hear, notice, watch, find, feel, think, consider
They considered the matter settled.
使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep, hold
I’m trying to make myself understood.
He had his hair cut yesterday.
With +宾语+过去分词
With our homework finished, we can go out to play.
4, 过去分词做状语adverbial
原因状语Caught in the heavy rain, he was all wet.
时间状语Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
条件状语Given another chance, he will do better.
方式状语Surrounded by trees, the house looks very beautiful.
让步状语 Defeated again, he did not lose heart.
真题回顾：
1，（2013, 河南） They might just have a place ___on the writing course.
–Why don’t you give it a try?
A, leave B, left C, leaving D, to leave
2，（2010,全国I） Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ___ from the library.
A, to borrow B, to be borrowed C, borrowed D, borrowing
3，（2011, 全国II） The island, ___to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A, joining B, to join C, joined D, having joined
4，（2008, 江西） We finished the run in less than half the time____.
A, allowing B, to allow C, allowed D, allows
5，（2010,福建） In April, thousands of holiday makers remained___ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A, sticking B, stuck C, to be stuck D, to have stuck
6，（2011, 陕西） Claire had her luggage ___ an hour before her plane left.
A, check B, checking C, to check D, checked
7，（2010, 上海） Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ___with her stories.
A, amused B, amusing C, to amuse D, to be amused
8，（2010, 山东） The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ___for a meal to be cooked.
A, laid B, laying C, to lay D, being laid
9，（2014, 天津） Clearly and thoughtfully ___, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A, writing B, to write C, written D, being written
10，（2011, 四川） ___an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
A, Offer B, offering C, offered D, to offer