Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Why Are There Fewer Students in the Library. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 学校图书馆利用不足；
2. 导致这种显现的原因； 3. 我的观点。
Why Are There Fewer Students in the Library
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Falling Trough the Cracks
During her first semester at college at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, in 2006, Georgina Uresti-Mandanado began having strange rashes and chest pains and feeling dizzy. But she put off seeing a doctor because she did not have health insurance—in fact, she had never had health coverage Her mother's jobs as a farm laborer, poultry processor, and construction worker never provided insurance for her kids. Uresti-Mandanado, the granddaughter of
Mexican immigrants, says that when she was growing up, \"I only went to the doctor when I was really sick and my grandma's home remedies wouldn't fix it. \" But by winter break of her freshman year, she
decided she needed to see a doctor. She waited until she was visiting her family in the Mexican city of San Luis Potosi, because it was cheaper to visit the doctor there The blood tests came back with bad news: lupus (狼疮).
Uresti-Mandanado's story—her inability to pay for care and her reluctance to seek it out until seriously ill-is a common one in Hispanic communities. While millions of Americans of all backgrounds face the problem of being unable to access care because of a lack of insurance or inadequate coverage, Latinos axe far more likely than people in other racial and ethnic groups to be unable to afford or get care when they need it. The recently passed health-care-reform law will help ease that inequality through measures to make insurance available to the low-income uninsured, a population that is
disproportionately Latino. But the 8 percent of U. S. residents that the Congressional Budget Office estimates will remain uninsured once
health reform is implemented will still be disproportionately Latino, largely because the bill limits insurance options for new immigrants, both legal and illegal.
According to numbers from the Kaiser Family Foundation, Hispanics make up one in seven Americans, but nearly half the country's non-elderly uninsured; the advocacy group the National Council of La Raza claims that Hispanics make up one third of the country's roughly 47 million uninsured. This is in part because Hispanics are more likely to work in low-wage jobs or for small businesses that do not offer health benefits. But the gap between Latinos and other groups
suggests that forces other than purely economic ones may be at work: Latinos are 50 percent more likely to be uninsured than African-Americans, a population that actually has slightly lower median
incomes. (Hispanics are almost three times as likely to be uninsured as non-Hispanic whites, who earn much more on average, according to census data.)The difference among children is even greater, with uninsurance rates among Hispanic kids almost twice those among African-American kids, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.
A third of Latinos under 65 who have insurance rely on the
federal program Medicaid, which primarily covers low income children and some groups of adults, depending on the state (Medicaid will be available to low-income adults without children under the new federal health law. )The high uninsurance rate among Latinos may partly be explained by the fact that legal immigrants can enroll in the program only after they have been in the country for five years, and
undocumented immigrants are barred from government insurance programs altogether. (Seventy-six percent of undocumented immigrants are from Latin America, according to the Pew Hispanic Center.)
However, says Dr. Elena Rios, president of the National Hispanic Medical Association, \"Hispanics [often] don't enroll\" in either private or public insurance, even if it is available to them. For those who have access to insurance through their employers, this may be because they still cannot afford their share of the premiums. Those eligible for public programs may not know how to enroll. They also are often afraid to participate in a government program.
\"The thing that affects a lot in the Latino community is fear,\" explains Dr. Gonzalo Paz-Soldan, medical director of the Arlington Pediatric Center in northern Virginia. He points out that there is a large number of Latino children who qualify for Medicaid but who aren't enrolled, possibly because undocumented parents may be scared to enroll their children, even if those children were born in the U. S. and are citizens. \"There's a fear of accessing any kind of
government program or anything that feels like a government program,\" he says, \"because there's a prevailing feeling in the community that
it's going to have a negative impact on the family and the child's immigration status.\" Even legal permanent residents may be afraid to enroll their children, says Paz-Soldan, out of concern that it will be viewed as taking \"some kind of welfare,\" he says, and be held against them when they apply for citizenship.
Though lack of insurance is probably the largest thing keeping Latinos from getting medical care, Paz-Soldan says, low-income Latinos face the same barriers that prevent all low-income people from accessing care Those who have coverage or are able to get care at a community health center sometimes may not be able to use those resources because they do not have transportation or they work multiple jobs and can't get time off to go to the doctor. And a confusing factor may also be the lower availability of medical services in low-income neighborhoods.
For newer immigrants, of course, language is another major factor that can stand in the way of treatment. Though there is a federal requirement that virtually all hospitals provide interpreters for non-English speakers, clinic workers and health experts say that
interpreters are often in short supply, if available at all, and many patients who lack English proficiency leave medical appointments without understanding doctors' instructions. In one case, Paz-Soldan's clinic saw an infant who had been hospitalized for several weeks after birth, yet no one at the hospital had communicated to the mother that the child had Down syndrome or explained the significance of the diagnosis.
For Uresti-Mandanado, the story had a happier ending: her symptoms went away on their own, and she has not yet required
treatment. But the problem her story illustrates are very real. The insecurity created by financial or linguistic barriers to care means that many Latinos may be at risk of not being able to get treatment when they need it. This places their individual health in danger, and the increased risk of serious illness makes their family's financial situation even more uncertain. That's why health-care reform comes as a great relief to many Hispanic health advocates. Apart from the fact that under the new law, Medicaid will be opened to many low-income people, subsidies will help make it possible for those who can't
currently afford insurance to purchase coverage if they do not get it from their employers.
The legislation, however, does contain some provisions that concern Latino-rights advocates. There are proof-of-citizenship requirements that even native-born Americans may have difficulty
meeting because they do not have their original birth certificates or other documentation. Legal immigrants wilt still be barred from enrolling in Medicaid until they have been in the country for five
years, and undocumented immigrants will be unable to purchase
insurance through the newly created exchanges, even as individuals. While they regard health reform as a significant step forward, advocates worry that these measures will mean that Latinos and immigrants from outside Latin America will account for a large portion of Americans who will remain uninsured after the law goes into effect.
Still, advocates say it's a good start. The National Hispanic
Medical Association's Rios says, \"We're the ones who get the most out of this. \"
1. When Georgina Uresti-Mandanado felt ill, she didn't go to see the doctor immediately because ______.
A) She was not covered by health insurance B) She wanted to wait until the winter break
C) She thought her grandma could cure her D) She was going to visit her family soon
2. In which way wilt the newly passed law help Latinos? A) It will make insurance free to those legal immigrants. B) It will cover people in small business with low salary. C) It will take measures to insure the low-income uninsured. D) It will have much lower demands on immigrant candidates.
3. The gap between Latinos and other groups suggests that ______. A) Latinos are most unlikely to be insured B) not merely economic forces are working
C) insurance is seldom available to the poor D) economic forces alone influence insurance
4. Government insurance programs do not include ______.
A) Latino children B) Hispanic people C) low-income adults D) undocumented immigrants
5. What maybe the reason why some Hispanics have jobs but uninsured?
A) They are not interested in health insurance. B) They do not believe in the insurance system.
C) Their employers refuse to enroll them in the welfare system. D) Their income is not enough for their share of the premium. 6. Legal permanent residents dare not enroll their children in medical insurance, because they are afraid this may become a barrier to ______.
A) their application for citizenship B) their participation in activities
C) their admission to university D) their enjoyment of welfare 7. Which one is not the reason why low-income people who have health insurance can't get medical care?
A) It is very inconvenient for them to see the doctor.
B) Health insurance does not bring them any benefit.
C) They have several jobs and don't have time to see the doctor. D) Medical service is almost unavailable in their neighborhood. 8. Many patients who lack English proficiency leave medical appointments without understanding doctors' instructions because interpreters are ______.
9. It is possible for those who can't currently afford insurance to purchase coverage to receive ______ if they do not get it from their employers.
10. Even native-born Americans who want to have health insurance have to provide their original birth certificates or other documentation according to ______.
Part III Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer.
11. A) Make some copies for her. B) Buy copy paper for her. C) Show her how to use the copy machine. D) Show her where the stationery store is.
12. A) By taxi. B) By bus. C) By subway. D) By train. 13. A) Leave a message. B) Wait and talk to Mr. Wolf.
C) Contact the Mr. Wolf later. D) Come in and visit Mr. Wolf. 14. A) He was stuck at the embassy. B) He lost his travel documents.
C) His passport expired. D) He overstayed his visa.
15. A) Have more people work on the report. B) Finish the report himself.
C) Write the report this afternoon. D) Allow more time to finish the report.
16. A) Enrolling in a business class. B) Airline reservations. C) Concert tickets. D) An important meeting.
17. A) Talking to their attorneys. B) Discussing a contract. C) Signing an agreement. D) Paying off a debt.
18. A) They will need a large location. B) Not many will attend the seminar.
C) They'd better find a location quickly. D) The convention center may not be available.
Questions 19 to 21 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) It is used too much. B) It is more necessary than E-mail.
C) It is very convenient. D) It has more problems than benefits. 20. A) The bad manners of cell phone users. B) The damage to users' ears.
C) Too much use on little things. D) Bad effect on others' ears 21. A) Its disadvantages outweigh its advantages. B) It is useful if properly used.
C) It may well spoil one's vacation plan. D) It can raise his efficiency.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) She read a newspaper article about podcasting. B) She watched others' podcast.
C) She borrowed some former bloggers' idea. D) She read some popular blogs.
23. A) They were interested and expressed their thoughts via e-mail.
B) They willingly subscribed to her podcast.
C) They felt surprised and offered their advice to her podcast. D) They made demands on her podcast.
24. A) It provides various radio shows. B) It contains things she is interested in.
C) The woman thinks it a burden. D) The woman charged the users a little.
25. A) She wants to do and say as she likes. B) Podcasting is just a hobby for her.
C) Nobody is charging in this field. D) The audience only want it for free.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) .
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) She wrote a letter to the President. B) She carried out a \"Children's Forest\" project.
C) She established Kids F. A. C. E.. D) She spoke at the Earth Summit in Brazil.
27. A) It offers help to Kids who loves wild life. B) It provides wild animals with food.
C) It creates the backyard wildlife habitats. D) It advocates the protection of the nature.
28. A) It was established in 1992. B) It is a great way to start helping the wildlife.
C) It has 30,000 members. D) It teaches kids to be environmentally friendly.
Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are bused on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) Heart disease. B) Cancer. C) Smoking. D) Poor diet. 30. A) They cannot be treated. B) Some of them are linked to family genetics.
C) For women, colon cancer is the most common. D) A healthy diet can lower the risk of cancer.
31. A) Most cancer diseases could be treated.
B) Cancer diseases could increase a lot in the next 20 years. C) Tobacco use is the number one cause of cancer.
D) Colon cancer is especially common in developing countries 32. A) Cancers caused by infections are more common. B) They can hardly be prevented.
C) There will a seventeen percent increase rate in cancers. D) They result from smoking.
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) She was very worried. B) She was confident. C) She felt very nervous. D) She felt calm.
34. A) Helping her younger brother to take part in the local Special Olympisc.
B) Telling about her experience as a volunteer at the local Special Olympics.
C) Calling on people to help the children who suffer from Down's syndrome.
D) Explaining the origins, events, and philosophy of the Special Olympics.
35. A) She spoke clearly, fluently and dynamically. B) She forgot to make eye contact with her listeners. C) She was distracted and forgot what she wanted to say. D) She was enthusiastic and she used much body language. Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Culture is passed on from one generation to the next through communication. Thus, culture refers to beliefs in a (36) being, to attitudes toward success and happiness, and to the values placed on friendship, love, family, or money, since these are (37) through communication.
Parents, (38) groups, schools, religious institutions, and
government (39) are the main teachers of culture. One new (40) for spreading culture is the Internet. Because the Internet, although world wide, is so (41) by the United States and by the English language and idiom, \"Some countries,\" notes one media watcher,
\"already unhappy with the (42) of American culture are worried that their cultures will be further (43) by an American dominance in cyberspace\".
A different process of learning culture is acculturation(文化互渗), (44) . Through acculturation, your original or native culture is modified through direct contact with a new and different culture. For example, when immigrants settle in the United States, the host
country, their own culture becomes influenced by the host culture. Gradually, the values, ways of behaving, and beliefs of the host
culture become more and more a part of the immigrants' culture. (45) Generally, however, the culture of the immigrant changes more. The reasons for this are that the host country's members far outnumber the immigrant group, (46)
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. Early Sunday morning, I got an emergency call on my portable
radio from a police officer asking for assistance at the Skate Key, a South Bronx roller rink that becomes a hip-hop music club at night, with crowds of up to 1,000 people, many of them teenagers. When I arrived at the scene, there was a great deal of confusion: people screaming, blood-soaked sidewalks, teenagers crying in pain. Four people had been stabbed, and five police officers had been injured trying to stop the violence.
Though evidence suggests that the stabbings may be linked to gangs, the real cause is likely to be far more complicated. Those investigating the incident would do well to keep in mind that the most important principle of detection is, as Sherlock Holmes might have put it, \"to look for what should be there.\" As I watched the
young teenagers leaving the club early Sunday morning, it was easy to figure out the missing element: parents.
Sadly, I saw only half a dozen or so parents waiting for the hundreds of teenagers at the club. What I did see were plenty of security guards, police officers and metal detectors. How many
parents even knew their children were at the club or whom they were \"hanging\" with? Where I did see parents was at Lincoln Hospital, when it was too late to protect their children.
Studies strongly suggest that destructive, criminal behavior in teenagers is at least in part attributable to a lack of parental
supervision. I have seen how this plays out in real life. A few years ago when I was working in Brooklyn, unsupervised teenage boys at a
public pool engaged in \"whirlpooling,\" surrounding and touching girls. In other cases, I have seen children left alone at home, where almost anything caw—and often does—happen. What is worse, I have even seen parents commit crimes in front of their own children, by selling drugs, for example.
If an employer may be held liable in civil court for the criminal acts of an employee by failing to provide adequate supervision, shouldn't a progressive society require that a parent be held at least partly liable for such offenses committed by their children?
Of course, parents can't know everything their children are doing or be with them at all times. But when they know their children are going to a place with a history of criminal activity, there ought to be some consequence for letting them go there unsupervised. To me, knowingly permitting a teenage child to attend a club with a history of violence is careless parenting within the spirit of the laws. At the very least, such parents should be required to attend a
counseling program on proper parenting skills, like that given to repeat offenders of traffic safety laws.
47. The real cause of the incident may be ______ than what evidence suggests.
48. Among those people waiting for the teenagers at the club, one missing element is ______.
49. Studies indicate that crime in teenagers can be partly attributed to the absence of ______.
50. Parents should be partly ______ for the crime committed by their children just like employers for their employees.
51. It is suggested that parents should not let their children go to a place with a history of criminal activity ______.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , and D) . Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
As the world continues to recover from the Great Recession,
governments and businesses are focused on how to spur economic growth. But if they really want to create jobs, raise incomes, and lift
living standards, they should devote more energy to figuring out how to generate economic dynamism over the long term.
At times like this, governments tend to champion particular
sectors like manufacturing, or industries like green technology. But true dynamism flows from continuous innovation, experimentation, adaptation, and change, all of which raise productivity over time.
Those productivity gains, in turn, lift incomes and drive consumption. This fuels more innovation—and a dynamic economy thus expands in a healthy, sustainable way.
Unfortunately, economic dynamism can also cause dislocation and disturbance as workers lose jobs in failing companies or in fading industries. Change in the ranking of companies has accelerated in many countries, including the United States, over the last century. The 90 names listed on Standard ＆ Poor's index of major U. S.
companies in the 1920s remained there for an average of 65 years. By 1998 a company listed on the S ＆ P 500 could expect to stay there for an average of only 10 years.
The distress caused by such turnover causes many people to resist change. But this process, famously labeled \"creative destruction\" by economist Joseph Schumpeter, frees resources for new uses that can vastly improve life over time. We may have fewer farmers, coachmen, and switchboard operators today than in Schumpeter's time, but We have software engineers, EKG technicians, Google mapmakers, and a host of other occupations people couldn't have imagined back then. The \"productivity paradox\" is that while we may need fewer workers in certain occupations in the short term, improved productivity leads to a stronger economy as a whole. So policies to spur economic dynamism are essential elements of any strategy to create jobs.
How exactly do we foster economic dynamism? Dynamism doesn't turn on whether an economy has a large financial sector, or big
manufacturers, or a semiconductor industry, but instead on whether the sectors are competitive or not. Instead of picking winners and pouring out subsidies to them, countries must get the basics right. These include a solid rule of law, with patents and protections for intellectual property, enforceable contracts, and courts to resolve disputes; access to finance, particularly for startups; and an
efficient physical and communications infrastructure. Once the basics are in place, the key is ensuring strong competition within sectors.
It can be tempting, in the short term, to prop up old industries and preserve outdated jobs. But as Schumpeter said, \"With capitalism, we are dealing with an evolutionary process. \" Nations that want to move up the list should be prepared to evolve.
52. What should governments and businesses put emphasis on in order to spur economic growth?
A) How to raise productivity of some particular sectors. B) How to innovate, experiment, adapt and make change.
C) How to make gains to lift incomes and drive consumption. D) How to raise productivity greatly over the long term.
53. According to the passage, why do many people resist change? A) It is hard for them to adapt to continuous innovation. B) They begin to lose jobs as dynamic economy expands.
C) There is an accelerated change in the ranking of companies. D) They doubt whether the turnover will improve their lives. 54. According to the passage, the process of \"creative destruction\" will ______.
A) free natural resources for new use that can vastly improve life
B) replace occupations in Schumpeter's time by new occupations C) result in fewer jobs in certain occupations over the long term D) lead to improved productivity and a stronger economy finally 55. In order to get the basics right, countries should ensure the following EXCEPT ______.
A) effective legislation B) financial support C) valid infrastructure D) strong competition
56. What might be the author's attitude towards the move to generate economic dynamism?
A) Positive. B) Negative. C) Neutral. D) Indifferent.
Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
All truly great thoughts are conceived while walking, observed Nietzsche, though I've always been a bit suspicious of the eagerness with which writers and artists celebrate the inspirational power of taking a stroll. Yet it seems to work. \"methinks(我想) the moment my legs begin to move, my thoughts begin to flow,\" was how Henry Thoreau described an experience many of us have had, be it tackling challenging work or worrying over problems.
If we still don't know why walking inspires clarity and
creativity, it's because there are too many possible explanations, not too few. An evolutionary psychologist might say we're designed to thrive outside, not at a desk; a scholar of the psychological
phenomenon of \"priming\" might point to studies suggesting that high ceilings-and also, perhaps, the sky—prompt unrestrained thinking. A
study in the European Journal of Developmental Psychology offers more straightforward reasoning. In it, both children and adults performed a memory exercise better when walking than sitting. The researchers speculate that the physiological inspiration of walking simply makes for better brain functioning, while the normally harmful effects of multitasking are eliminated when the tasks are sufficiently different, drawing on separate \"wells\" of attention, rather than fighting over one.
Maybe. Going solely on anecdotal(趣闻轶事) experience, though, I suspect the greatest mental benefits of walking are explained not by what it is, but by what it isn't. When you go outside, you cease what you're doing, and stopping trying to achieve something is often key to achieving it. Stepping away from work combats the paralysing
effects of perfectionism, because when a task is suspended, the risk of failure is suspended, too; you're thus freer to dream up insights. And in some hard-to-specify way, even the distractions of walking— traffic noise, people—seem to help. The writer Ron Rosenbaum takes this to extremes, not just walking while thinking, but watching TV while writing. \"I'm slightly ashamed to admit it, since it sounds like such an exceedingly bad violation of the writer's solitude,\" he once said. \"But I have a theory of 'competing concentration'... if you have something that you have to focus against—it forces you to concentrate. \"
Naturally, the self-improvement industry has ideas to optimize (充分利用) your inspirational walking—the notebook will capture your breakthroughs. I'm more sceptical of the merits of a desk for home treadmills. But all you really need do is go for a walk. \"I only went out for a walk and finally concluded to stay out till sundown,\" the naturalist John Muir wrote, \"for going out, I found, was really going in.\" Deep. Though apparently he never had to worry about deadlines.
57. As for Nietzsche's opinion of thought and walk, the author holds that ______.
A) it will arouse a bit suspicion B) it is reasonable to accept it
C) it derives from Henry Thoreau's idea D) it only works for challenging work
58. There are many possible ways to explain why walking inspires clarity and creativity EXCEPT that ______.
A) it is believed that we're designed to thrive outside B) high ceilings and the sky prompt unrestrained thinking C) walking simply makes for better brain functioning
D) it will make people fight over one \"wells\" of attention
59. What does the author mean by saying \"... stopping trying to achieve something is often key to achieving it\"?
A) People could avoid failure by escaping from the reality. B) It is much wiser for people to just wait for the chances. C) Retreating to have insight will contribute to achievement. D) Freedom is a fundamental basis to realize one's dream. 60. Why does Ron Rosenbaum watch TV while writing? A) He wants to challenge things in an extreme way. B) He wants to make violation of writer's solitude.
C) He wants to test his theory of \"competing concentration\". D) He wants to be forced by something to concentrate.
61. What might be the author's attitude toward inspirational walking?
A) Supportive. B) Skeptical. C) Satirical. D) Negative. Part V Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Higher education has a responsibility to provide a workforce with the design capability and high-level technical design skills to generate growth in key industries with the potential to support the UK's economic health.
The Higher Ambitions report from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (62) : \"Britain must rebuild its economic growth and invest in the skills and competitive strengths that will (63) a sustainable recovery and balanced future economy.\"
() , it specifically calls (65) \"enhanced support for the Stem subjects—degrees in the sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics— and other skills that guarantee this country's (66) advantages\". The (67) of design subjects from Stem ignores the
coterminous(有共同边界的)nature of these subjects, (68) science in the employment market and the strategic significance of design as a contributor to the economy.
Britain's (69) practitioners, supported by an excellent education system, are in high (70) globally. The National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts predicts that between 2009 and 2013 the creative industries (71) will grow by an average of 40%, more than double the rest of the economy.
The Design Council's added value research 2007 showed that
companies that used design to add value to their products or services had a higher (72) than competitors on profitability, turnover and market share. Design is closely (73) to innovation and is widely recognized as a crucial ingredient in maintaining competitiveness in (74) challenging markets.
There are many global examples to (75) the economic advantages of the interaction between design and technology. The (76) success of
the Apple iPod, iMac and iPhone, designed by Jonathan Ive, a British designer educated in the UK, is not a (77) of the hardware. It is the design of an intuitive user interface teat allows users to customize and share media. Games (78) are in increasing demand.
Despite a (79) global context, the UK's lack of investment in design education is threatening potential for economic growth and is (80) the UK's position in the marketplace.
The UK needs to focus on education to develop the creative talent and high-level design skills required to (81) the growth potential in this sector.
62. A) states B) affirms C) infers D) speculates 63. A) eject B) specialize C) guarantee D) magnify . A) Thus B) Meanwhile C) However D) So 65. A) in B) for C) on D) at
66. A) competitive B) productive C) educational D) intellectual 67. A) ignorance B) emphasis C) neglect D) exclusion 68. A) for B) as C) by D) with
69. A) original B) mathematical C) creative D) outstanding 70. A) earnest B) demand C) supply D) surplus 71. A) sector B) vacancy C) percentage D) range
72. A) ranking B) reputation C) return D) receipt
73. A) sacrificed B) devoted C) compared D) allied
74. A) frustratingly B) increasingly C) surprisingly D) confusingly 75. A) intensify B) prove
C) demonstrate D) consolidate
76. A) revolutionary B) compatible C) incredible D) disastrous 77. A) consequence B) feedback C) reaction D) utilization 78. A) designers B) players C) addicts D) producers
79. A) shrinking B) flourishing C) competing D) uniting
80. A) stabilizing B) enforcing C) confirming D) jeopardizing 81. A) realize B) fulfill C) exploit D) match Part VI Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 82. Many ecologists believe that lots of major species in the world are ______ (濒临灭绝).
83. ______ (他们看不到一丝希望)that they would be saved by a passing ship.
84. Only in this way ______ (我们才能保住我们的荣誉).
85. It took a lot of imagination to ______ (提出这样一个有创意的计划).
86. ______ (无论会遇到到少困难)we will manage to accomplish our goal.
答案解析与题源出处
Part I Writing Sample
Why Are There Fewer Students in the Library?
Nowadays on campus, (1) we can see fewer students do reading in the library than before but an increasing number students go to the (2) cybercafes or go out of the campus.
Of all the reasons accounting for this phenomenon, (3) the most important one is that the entertainment activities become more abundant than ever before so that there are numerous choices
available for the students. They can surf the Internet, watch on-line movies or soap operas, go shopping, or take part in (4) social club activities. Another reason is that digital books get popular among students, for digital books are more convenient than the traditional ones and the resources are limitless. The students can choose whatever they like to read without going to the libraries.
From my point of view, books are a part of our life, just as
Bacon once said that (5) reading makes a full man. We students should make full use of any kind of resources to broaden our vision, no matter they are traditional ones or new-emerging ones.
Analysis (1) 指出现象
(2) cybercafe“网吧” (3) 指出最重要的原因。
(4) social club activities“社交联谊活动” (5) reading makes a full man “阅读使人渊” Part II Reading Comprehension
1. A)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词Georgina Uresti-Mandanado，see the
doctor定位到第一段第二句But she put off seeing a doctor because she did not have health insurance—in fact, she had never had health
coverage. 由 此可知，她生病了没有立刻看医生是因为没有健康保险，故选A)项。
2．C)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词newly passed law，Latinos定位到第二段第三句The recently passed health-care-reform law will help ease that inequality through measures to make insurance available to the low-income uninsured，a population that is disproportionately Latino. 由此可知，新通过的法律会帮助那些低收入没有保险的人，从而帮助他们摆脱困境，故选C)项。
3．B)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词gap，Latinos and other groups定位到第三段倒数第二句But the gap between Latinos and other groups suggests that forces other than purely economic ones may be at work：Latinos are 50 percent more likely to be uninsured than African-Americans，a population that actually has slightly lower median incomes. 由此可 知，Latinos和其他人在投保比例上的差距表明这不仅仅是经济方面的原因，故选B)项。
4．D)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词Government insurance, include定位到第四段第二句The high uninsurance rate among Latinos may partly be
explained by the fact that legal immigrants can enroll in the program only after they have been in the country for five years, and
undocumented immigrants are barred from government insurance programs altogether. 由此可知，保险项目不包括没有相关手续的移民，故选D)项。
5．D)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词reason．Hispanics，uninsured定位到第五段第二句For those who have access to insurance through their
employers, this may be because they still cannot afford their share of the premiums. Those eligible for public programs may not know how to enroll. 由此可知，一些有工作的拉美裔美国人却没有保险是因为他们的收入根本支付不起保险费用中个人分担部分。故选D)项。
6．A)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词Legal permanent residents，children，medical insurance，barrier定位到第六段最后一句Even legal permanent residents may be afraid to enroll their children，says Paz-Soldan，out of concern that it will be viewed as taking “some kind of welfare,” he says，and be held against them when they apply for citizenship. 由此可知，合法的长期居民没有给他们的孩子买保险是因为他们担心被认定为接受福利救济，从而可能会影响他们申请公民身份，故选A)项。
7．B)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词low-income，health insurance．medical care定位到第七段第二句Those who have coverage or are able to get care at a community health center Sometimes may not be able to use those resources because they do not have transportation or they work multiple jobs and can't get time off to go to the doctor. And a confusing factor may also be the lower availability of medical
services in low-income neighborhoods. 由此可知，一些低收入有健康保险的人却没有医疗保障是因为交通不方便，工作很忙没有时间或者他们周围没有这样的医疗设施，而B)项在原因中没有提到，故选B)项。
8．in short supply
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词English，medical appointments，interpreters定位到第八段第二句Though there is a federal
requirement„interpreters for non-English speakers„are often in short supply„由此可知，很多不懂英语的病人不明白医生的处方就不去进行医疗检查，这是因为翻译人员短缺，故答案为in short supply。
9．subsidies
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词possible，purchase coverage，employers定位到第九段最后一句Apart from the fact that under the new law, Medicaid will be opened to many low-income people, subsidies will help make it possible for those who can't currently afford insurance to purchase coverage if they do not get it from their employers. 由此可知，对于通常不能支付起保险费的人来说，如果他们能得到雇主的津贴那么他们还是有可能买得起保险，故答案为subsidies。
10．proof-of-citizenship requirements
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词native-born Americans，health
insurance，original定位到第十段第二句There are proof-of-citizenship requirements that even native-born Americans may have difficulty
meeting because they do not have their original birth certificates or other documentation. 由此可知，即使是土生土长的美国人想得到健康保险也不得不根据公民身份确认准则的相关法规定提供原始出生证明和相关的文件，故答案为 proof-of-citizenship requirements。
Part III Listening Comprehension Section A
11. M: I've got to make a trip to the stationery store. Do you need anything? W: Could you pick me up some A4 size copy paper, please? I have to print out my paper this afternoon.
Q: What will the man do for the woman?
12. W: How can we get to the airport in time for a 7: 00 flight? There isn't enough time left.
M: We could take a cab. But the subway is almost as fast, and cheaper. Q: How will the man and woman get to the airport?
13. M: Hi, this is Tom Cruse. I'd like to speak to the marketing director Mr. Wolf, please.
W: I'm sorry, but Mr. Wolf isn't at his desk at the moment. May I take a message? Q: What will the man do?
14. W: Did the embassy say how long it would take to replace your passport? I hope that you won't be stuck here too long.
M: They said a week, at the most. Q: What happened to the man?
15. M: Is there any way we can get a draft of the quarterly report by the end of the week.
W: Only if you're willing to assign more manpower to the project. Could you make arrangement about it by this afternoon?
Q: What is the man going to do?
16. W: Were you able to book seats for this coming Tuesday? The urgency of the trip means that we don't have much time.
M: Yes, but business and economy classes were full I had to upgrade to first.
Q: What are the man and woman discussing?
17. M: If that's the last of the terms to negotiate, let's submit the document to our respective attorneys for review. W: I agree. Waiting any longer will only cost us money. We may sign it in a week or two.
Q: What have the speakers just finished?
18. W: Do you think the attendance will be good?
M: This seminar should attract stockbrokers from all over the country. Our decision to reserve the city's convention center was a good one. Q: What is the woman implying?
Conversation One
M: I was just reading this article about the wonders of the ancient world. A lot of them were buildings. I was thinking, what would your wonders of the modern would be? Not necessarily buildings, but things that have changed our way of life.
W: For me, well, I was thinking the cell phone is the most wonderful thing.
M: Really?
W: Yeah, (19) I even couldn't live without mine. It's so
convenient! I can call my friends anytime and they can always call me. Or if I'm in trouble I can call for help...
M: You mean like calling your parents?
W: Yeah, like parents, and if I'm running late, I'm able to call a friend if I'm, like, on the bus or something.
M: (20) But the problem with cell phones is that people use them too much for every little thing. It's practically glued to their ears.
W: Yeah, and I hate it when people shout into them in a public place and everyone else has to listen to the conversation, especially in restaurants.
M: Well, good manners aren't a wonder of our world! You know, I think the most amazing wonder is e-mail. It has changed the world, and it has totally transformed my business. Everybody at work is always on the computer, responding to e-mails, sending e-mails... That's where most of our business is done now, through e-mail. You are sending reports, getting information. But the bad part is that you are glued to the computer and people expect things to be done right away.
W: Yeah, people are shocked if you go through a day without
checking your e-mail. And when you go on vacation and then you come back, maybe there are 200 e-mails waiting for you — all of them urgent.
M: I guess it is like any other tool or device. (21) If it's used correctly, it's very useful.
Conversation Two
M: I know you got into podcasting pretty much at the beginning. How did you first hear of it?
W: I was a reader of blogs, and I was aware that some bloggers were starting to attach audio files. That excited me. (22) I read a newspaper article early which mentioned podcasting and I started to look into it. But I was busy with work, so I sort of forgot about the idea for a while.
M: But you came back to it and started your own podcast early in 2005.
W: That's right. In January, by then all the tools were available, and I had enough free time to devote to my own podcast. Of course I didn't know if anyone would listen to it, but just being able to broadcast something was enough for me.
M: Did you get any reaction from the public?
W: Yes, I was surprised and gratified to find that not only were people listening, (23) but they were interested enough to e-mail me with their thoughts on what I'd said. M: What do you find to talk about?
W: (24) Current affairs, music, travel, and the things I'm
interested in. I must admit that I'd always had ambitions to have my own radio show. With podcasting I found that I could have just that, my own show three times a week.
M: At the moment this is just a hobby, but do you see yourself making money from podcasting in the future?
W: No, not really. I know that some podcasters are talking about charging a subscription to their podcasts, but I like the idea that it's for free. (25) If you start charging people for something they can start making demands on you, and I like to be able to do and say whatever I want.
Section B Passage One
(26) Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush. Through her own efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards across the country.
The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe
established Kids For A Cleaner Environment in 19. There are now 300, 000 members of Kids F. A. C. E. worldwide and it is the world's largest youth environmental organization.
Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a
\"Children's Forest\" project in every national park. In 1992, she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.
Since the organization started, Kids F. A. C. E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees! (27) Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kid's Yards—the creation of backyard wildlife habitats—and now Kids F. A. C. E. is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey, which is a great way to start helping.
\"Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get
involved with the environment. Club members started doing things like recycling, picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club. \"
(28) \"We try to tell kids that it's not OK to be lazy,\" she explains. \"You need to start being a responsible, environmentally
friendly person now, right away, before you become a resource-sucking adult. \"
Passage Two
(29)Cancer is the second leading cause of death after heart disease.
Death rates for both diseases are falling. But researchers say the rate for heart disease is falling faster. As a result, an American Cancer Society report shows that cancer now kills more Americans under the age of eighty-five than any other cause.
Some cancers can be prevented or treated, especially if found early. Cancer is the name for a group of diseases. All involve the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells that are not normal. Cell growth and division are controlled by genes. (30) Some cancers are linked to family genetics. Pollution and chemicals can also raise a person's risk of cancer.
The report shows that in recent years, cancer rates in the United States have dropped about one percent per year. Lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer make up more than half of all the cases. For men,
prostate cancer is the most common. For women, it is breast cancer. Rates of both have continued to increase, but more slowly than in the past.
Smoking causes about one-third of all cancer deaths. Poor diet and a lack of exercise are blamed for another third in the United States.
(31) The American Cancer Society says cancer deaths worldwide could increase nearly one hundred percent in the next twenty years. Yet most could be avoided. The report calls tobacco use \"the number one cause of cancer and the number one cause of preventable death throughout the world. \" Hepatitis and other infections will cause an estimated seventeen percent of new cancers worldwide this year. (32) Such cancers are especially common in developing countries, and many of these cases can also be prevented.
Passage Three
Tia Betances was concerned about taking a speech class. (33) Not having any experience as a public speaker, she got butterflies in her stomach just thinking about talking in front of an audience. But when the time came for Tia's first speech, she was determined to make it success.
Tia chose the Special Olympics as the topic for her speech. Her younger brother suffered from Down's syndrome, and for the past five years Tia had worked as a volunteer at the local Special Olympics competition. (34) The purpose of her speech was to explain the
origins, events, and philosophy of the Special Olympics. As Tia spoke, it became clear that she cared deeply about her subject and genuinely wanted her audience to care about it too. Because she was intent on communicating with her audience, she forgot to be nervous. She
established eye contact with her listeners and (35) spoke clearly, fluently and dynamically. Soon the entire class was engrossed in her speech.
She combined her enthusiasm for her topic with thorough
preparation and she scored a triumph in the speech class. Afterward, Tia conceded that she had surprised even herself. \"I could hardly believe it,\" she said. \"Once I got through the introduction, I didn't think about being nervous—I just concentrated on what I wanted to say. It was even sort of fun\"
Section C
Culture is passed on from one generation to the next through
communication. Thus, culture refers to beliefs in a(36)supreme being, to attitudes toward success and happiness, and to the values placed on friendship, love, family, or money, since these are (37) transmitted through communication.
Parents, (38) peer groups, schools, religious institutions, and government (39) agencies are the main teachers of culture. One new (40) instrument for spreading culture is the Internet. Because the Internet, although world wide, is so (41) dominated by the United States and by the English language and idiom, \"Some countries,\" notes one media watcher, \"already unhappy with the (42) aggression of
American culture are worried that their cultures will be further (43) eroded by an American dominance in cyberspace\".
A different process of learning culture is acculturation(文化互渗), (44) the process by which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different from your native culture. Through acculturation, your original or native culture is modified through direct contact with a new and different culture. For example, when immigrants settle in the United States, the host country, their own culture becomes influenced by the host culture. Gradually, the values, ways of
behaving, and beliefs of the host culture become more and more a part of the immigrants culture. (45) At the same time, the host culture
changes, too, as it interacts with the immigrants' culture. Generally, however, the culture of the immigrant changes more. The reasons for this are that the host country's members far outnumber the immigrant group, (46) and the media are largely dominated by and reflect the values and customs of the host culture.
11. B) Buy copy paper for her.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词stationary store，copy paper等推测问题与在文具店买东西有关。
[答案解析] 男士说他要去文具店，问女士需要不需要买东西，女士说给她买一些A4复印纸，故选B)项。
12．C) By subway．
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词taxi，bus, subway，train推测问题与乘交通工具有关。
[答案解析] 女士问男士怎样能及时到达机场，男士说可以打出租车，但地铁同样快却更便宜，可知他们会乘地铁，故选C)项。
13．A) Leave a message.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词message，wait等推测问题与联系某人有关。 [答案解析] 男士找营销主管。女士说他不在，要不要留言，推测男士会给营销主管留言，故选A)项。
14．C) His passport expired．
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词embassy, passport等推测问题与签证或护照有关。
[答案解析] 女士问男士更换护照需要多长时间，希望他就不会被困在这里时间太长，男士回答说最多一个星期，可知男士的护照到期了，故选C)项。
15．A) Have more people work on the report.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词report等推测问题与写报告有关。
[答案解析] 男士问这个周末能不能完成季度报告，女士回答说只要男士能再给这个项目分些人手，故选A)项。
16．B) Airline reservations.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词reservation. tickets等推测问题与订票有关。
[答案解析] 女士问男士订位子了没有，旅行紧急没有太多时间了，男士回答说商务舱和经济舱都满了．只能订一等舱了，可知他们在讨论订机票，故选B)项。
17．B) Discussing a contract.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词contract，sign等推测问题与签合同有关。 [答案解析] 男士说如果这是洽谈的最后条件，就把文件交给各自的律师审查，女士表示同意，并希望能在一两周内签，故选B)项。
18．A) They will need a large location.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词attend, convention等推测问题与参加会议有关。
[答案解析] 女士问男士出席的人会不会多，男士回答说讨论会会吸引全国的股票经纪人，预定市会议中心很明智，可知他们需要大的场所，故选A)项。
19．Q: Wily does the woman consider the cell phone one of the wonders of the modem world?
C) It is very convenient.
[听前预测] 选项的主语均为it，且都是描述性句子，推测本题考查一种物品的性质。
[答案解析] 女士用了can't live without和 convenient来表达了她觉得手机十分方便。故答案为C)。
20．Q: What is the problem with cell phones according to the man? C) Too much on little things.
[听前预测] 根据选项中的damage，bad effect推测本题考查某种物品给人们带来的影响。
[答案解析] 男士在对话中说问题在于人们过多的将手机用于一些琐碎的小事。故答案为选项C)。
21. Q: How does the man feel about e-mail? B) It is useful if properly used.
[听前预测] 选项的主语均为it，且都是描述性句子，推测本题也是考查一种物品的性质。
[答案解析] 男士认为，只要使用得当电子邮件是非常有用的。故答案为选项B)。
22．Q: How did the woman start to look into podcasting? A) She read newspaper article about podcasting
[听前预测] 四个选项提到podcasting和blog，推测本题考查女士和播客或博客有关。
[答案解析] 对话中女士提到她早先在报纸上读过一篇文章，提到了播客，她就开始关注。故答案为选项A)。
23．Q: What was the public's reaction to the woman's podcast? A) They were interested and expressed their thoughts via e-mail
[听前预测] 选项主语均为they，推测本题考查某类人的行为。
[答案解析] 女士的播客播出后，她惊奇地发现人们不光在听，而且非常感兴趣，他们通过电子邮件与她交流想法。故答案为选项A)。
24．Q: What do we learn about the woman's podcasting? B) It contains things she is interested in.
[听前预测] 选项主语为it和woman，推测本题考查某物和女士的联系。 [答案解析] 文中女士提到她一般都谈论时事、音乐、旅游以及一些她感兴趣的事情。故选B)项。
25．Q: Why does the woman refuse to charge for her podcasting? A) She wants to do and say as she likes.
[听前预测] 根据题干关键词it，podcasting, charge，free等推测本题与播客收费有关。
[答案解析] 女士认为如果收费的话听众可能就会对播客的内容做一些自己的要求，而女士则希望说和做自己喜欢的事。故答案为A)。
26. Q: How did Melissa Poe begin a campaign for a cleaner environment?
A) She wrote a letter to the President.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词she，establish等推测本题与女性举办某个活动有关。
[答案解析] 录音一开始就提到了她给当时的总统布什写信，开始了她的清洁环境行动。故答案为A。
27．Q: What do we learn about the Kid's Yards project? C) It creates the backyard wildlife habitats.
[听前预测] 选项主语均为it，根据关键词 create, advocate等推测本题与某事的功能或性质有关。
[答案解析] 文中说正在进行的植树项目包括the Kid's Yards. 它是为庭院里的野生动物创造栖息地的。故答案为C)。
28．Q: What can we learn about Kids F.A. C. E.? D) It teaches kids to be environmentally friendly．
[听前预测] 选项主语都是it，根据establish，members，teach推测本题考查一个组织或机构的行为。
[答案解析] 短文最后提到Kids F. A. C. E.试图告诉孩子们需要成为有责任心而注重环保的人。故答案为D)。
29．Q: What is the first leading cause of death? A) Heart disease.
[听前预测] 四个选项与疾病或疾病的诱因有关，推测本题考查与此相关的内容。
[答案解析] 录音一开始就提到癌症是继心脏病之后的第二大死亡诱因，即第一诱因为心脏病。故答案为A)。
30．Q: What can be learned about cancers from the passage? B) Some of them are linked to family genetics.
[听前预测] 根据选项关键词cancer推测本题可能跟癌症有关。
[答案解析] 文中提到有一些癌症与家族遗传有关。选项A) 和C) 都是细节，题目与原文都有出入，选项D) 虽然符合情理，但短文中没有提及。故答案为B)。
31．Q: What does the American Cancer Society say about cancer? C) Tobacco use is the number one cause of cancer.
[听前预测] 四个选项都是有关癌症的内容，推测本题考查有关癌症的细节。
[答案解析] 文中提到报告称吸烟是癌症和全世界可预防疾病的第一诱因。故答案为C)。
32．Q: What do we learn about cancers in developing countries'? A) Cancers caused by infections are more common.
[听前预测] 选项中多次提到癌症，推测they可能指代的是癌症。
[答案解析] 文中提到，肝炎和其他的传染性疾病将在全世界引起17％的癌症上升率，这种癌症在发展中国家尤其普遍。故答案为A)。
33．Q: How did Tia feel before her speech? C) She felt very nervous.
[听前预测] 通过选项关键词she，feel, nervous，calm等推测本题考查女士的感觉。
[答案解析] 录音中提到由于从未做过演讲，Tia一想起演讲就觉得不安。故答案为C)。get butterflies in one's stomach意为“觉得不安，发慌”。
34．Q: What is the purpose of Tia's speech?
D) Explaining the origins, events, and philosophy of the Special Olympics．
[听前预测] 选项均为动名词，推测本题考查某个动作细节。
[答案解析]Tia演讲的目的是解释特奥会的来历、比赛项目和理念。故答案为D)。
35．Q: How did Tia behave in her speech?
A) She spoke dearly, fluently and dynamically.
[听前预测] 选项主语均为she，推测本题考 查女主人公的行为细节。 [答案解析] 文中说Tia与听众进行了眼神交流，她的演讲清晰、流畅而且充满活力。故答案为A)。
36. supreme
[答案解析] supreme意为“至高的”。空格位于冠词a和名词之间，可知应填非元音开头的形容词修饰名词。supreme being指宗教信仰中的神。
37．transmitted
[答案解析] transmit意为“传递”。since引导的原因状语从句为被动语态，可知应填动词的过去分词。注意过去分词需要双写t。
38．peer
[答案解析] peer group是固定短语，意为“同辈群体”。空格位于列举的名词前，应填修饰成分。peer作动词时意为“凝视，盯着看”。
39．agencies
[答案解析] agencies意为“机构”。空格处是句子主语，应填名词。 40．instrument
[答案解析] instrument意为“工具，仪器”。空格位于修饰成分之后，后置定语之前，可知应填名词作句子主语。
41．dominated
[答案解析] dominate意为“统治，控制”。空格前后的系动词is和介词by表明此处为被动语态，应填动词的过去分词。
42．aggression
[答案解析]aggression意为“侵略，进攻性”。由空格前的定冠词the可知应填名词。
43．eroded
[答案解析erode意为“逐步损害，削弱”。空格前后的系动词is和介词by表明此处为被动语态，应填动词的过去分词。
44．the process by which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different from your native culture
[完整句意] 在这一过程中，你学习与你本土文化不同的文化中的规则和行为规范
[答案解析] 填写部分为同位语。注意从句最后culture的后置定语，这部分可以改写为of a different culture other than your own。
45．At the same time, the host culture changes, too, as it interacts with the immigrants' culture
[完整句意] 与此同时，当地文化与移民文化相互作用时，也发生了改变 [答案解析] 填写部分可分为三个意群。①时间状语at the same time；②主谓关系主句：③as引导的从句。“本地文化”可表述为native culture。
46．and the media are largely dominated by and reflect the values and customs of the host culture
[完整句意] 而且媒体是由当地文化的价值观念和风俗习惯左右，并反映这些价值观念和风俗习惯
[答案解析] 抓住分句中的三个and，理清句子的脉络。①第一个and连词引导整个分句；②第二个and连接分句的两个谓语；③第三个and连接两个宾语。句子主语为media第一个谓语dominated是被动语态；第二个谓语reflect是主动语态且用原形，两个宾语均为复数名词。
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) Section A
47．far more complicated
[答案解析] 由题干关键词cause，incident，evidence，定位到原文第二段第一句：Though evidence suggests that the stabbings may be linked to gangs, the real cause is likely to be far more complicated. 可知，尽管证据表明刺伤事件可能与流氓团伙有关，但是真正的原因可能更加复杂，故答案填far more complicated。
48．parents
[答案解析] 由题干关键词waiting，club，missing element定位到原文第二段最后一句：As I watched the young teenagers leaving the club early Sunday morning, it was easy to figure out the missing element: parents. 可知，当我周日早晨看到那些青少年离开俱乐部时，很容易看出不在场的要素：他们的父母，故答案填parents。
49．parental supervision
[答案解析] 由题干关键词Studies，crime，attributed to the absence of定位到原文第四段第一句：Studies strongly suggest that destructive, criminal behavior in teenagers is at least in part attributable to a lack of parental supervision. 可知，研究表明：青少年有破坏和犯罪的行为至少一部分是因为缺少父母的监督，故答案填parental supervision。题干中的the absence of是原文a lack of的同义替换。
50．liable
[答案解析] 由题干关键词Parents，committed，employers for their employees定位到原文第五段：If an employer may be held liable
in...shouldn't a progressive society require that a parent be held at least partly liable for such offenses committed by their children. 可知，如果一个雇员因为没受到雇主的适当监督而做出犯罪行为，那么底主是要负责的。在这样进步的社会中，父母难道不应该对孩子的违法行为负责吗，故答案填liable。
51．unsupervised
[答案解析] 由题干关键词history of criminal activity定位到原文第六段第二句：But when they know their children are going to a place with a history of criminal activity, there ought to be some
consequence for letting them go there unsupervised. 可知，有人提议当父母知道他们的孩子要去的地方历来充斥着犯罪活动，那就应该想到让他们独自去那种地方的后果，故答案填unsupervised。
Section B Passage One 52．B)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词spur economic growth定位到原文第一、二段。第一段第二句提到：But if they really want to...they should devote more energy to figuring out how to generate economic dynamism over the long term. 可知刺激经济增长的关键在于怎样产生长期的经济活力；第二段第二句又提到：But true dynamism flows from continuous innovation, experimentation, adaptation, and change...可知真正的活力来自于不断的革新、实验、适应以及变化，即为了刺激经济增长，部门和商业机构应着重关注怎样革新、实验、适应以及变化，故选B)项。
[避错点拨] A)项“怎样提高某些特定领域的生产力”与原文不符，原文提到倾向于捍卫像制造业或是绿色科技工业这样的特殊领域，但这并不是刺激经济增长的关键；C) “怎样创造收益以提高收入、拉动消费”，原文提到的是在生产力方面获得的收益，反过来，会提高收入、拉动消费，这也不是刺激经济增长的关键；D)项“怎样在长时间内提高生产率”也仅仅是刺激经济增长的一个表现方面。
53．B)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词people resist change定位到原文第三、四段。第三段第一句提到： Unfortunately, economic dynamism can also cause dislocation and disturbance as workers lose jobs. in failing companies or in fading industries. 可知当垮掉的公司或是衰退的行业中的工人们失去工作的时候，经济活力也会导致错位和混乱。第四段第一句又提
到：The distress caused by such turnover causes many people to resist change. 可知，由这种转换导致的窘境使得许多人抵制变化。即人们抵制变化的原因在于随着经济活力的转换，有工人因此失业。故选B)项。
[避错点拨] A)项“他们很难适应不断的革新”未提及；C)项“公司的排名有了一个加速的变化”也不是工人抵制变化的原因，原文提到公司排名变化速度加快，是为了说明经济活力也会导致错位和混乱；D)项“他们怀疑是否这种转换能改善他们的生活”原文也未提及。
54．D)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词process of “creative destruction”定位到原文第四段第二句：But this process, famously labeled “creative destruction” by economist Joseph Schumpeter, frees resources for new uses that can vastly improve life over time. 可知，“创造性破坏”的过程会资源以作新用，久而久之就能够大大改善生活。即其最终的结果是提高生产率和壮大经济，故选D)项。
[避错点拨] A)项“自然资源以作新用来大大改善生活”与原文不符，原文提到的是“资源”，而非“自然资源”；B)项“用新的职业来替代
Schumpeter那个时代的职业”也与原文不符，原文只提到不同时代职业的变化，并没有提到替代职业的问题；C)项“在长期内导致某一职业需要更少的工人”也与原文不符。
55．D)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词get the basics right，ensure定位到原文第五段第四句：These include a solid rule of law, with„；access to finance„；and an efficient physical and communications
infrastructure. 可知建设基础包括：坚实的法律规则、可获得的财政金融渠道以及一个高效的物质和通讯基础设施。即A)项“有效的立法”、B)项“财政金融支持”和C)项“健康有效的基础建设”，故选D)项。
[避错点拨] D)项“强有力的竞争”是在这些基础就绪的基础上进行的，并不被包括在此基础之内。
56．A)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词the move to generate economic dynamism定位到原文最后一段第二、三句：But as Schumpeter said, \"With
capitalism, we are dealing with an evolutionary process.\" Nations that want to move up the list. should be prepared to evolve. 可知，首先，作者同意Schumpeter的观点，我们正在应对一个发展的过程。随后又提到，那些想要走在前列的国家应当为发展做好准备。即作者就产生经济活力所采取的行动是持积极肯定的态度的，故选A)项。
[避错点拨] B)项“消极的”、C)项“中立的”和D)项“漠不关心的”均与原文不符。
Passage Two 57．B)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词Nietzsche，thought and walk定位到原文第一段第一、二句：All truly great thoughts are conceived while walking, observed Nietzsche, though I've always been a bit suspicious of the eagerness with which writers and artists celebrate the inspirational
power of taking a stroll. Yet it seems to work. 可知尼采观察，所有真正伟大的思想都是在散步的时候被构想出来的。尽管作者对作家们和艺术家们赞美散步带来的启迪力量时所表现出的热情有一点怀疑，但是这样做似乎真的管用。即作者认为接受尼采关于思想和散步的观点是合理的，故选B)项。
[避错点拨] A)项“它会激起一些怀疑”与原文不符，原文只提到作者对作家们和艺术家们赞美散步带来的启迪力量时所表现出的热情有一点怀疑；C)项“它来自于亨利·梭罗的想法”与原文不符，原文引用亨利·梭罗描述的经历是为了进一步说明散步对于思考的启迪作用，并未涉及尼采想法的出处；D)项“它只对具有挑战性的工作起作用”也与原文不符。
58．D)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词explain，walking inspires clarity and creativity定位到原文第二段第二句：An evolutionary psychologist might say we're designed to thrive outside...；a scholar...might point to studies suggesting that high ceilings—and also, perhaps, the sky—prompt unrestrained thinking. 可知，进化心理学家认为我们天生就适于在室外蓬勃发展；学者通过研究表明，高高的天花板——可能也许还有天空——会激发不受拘束的思考。即A)项“人们认为我们天生就适于在室外蓬勃发展”和B)项“高高的天花板和天空会激发不受拘束的思考”；第二段第五句又提到：The researchers speculate that the physiological inspiration of walking simply makes for better brain functioning...又可知，散步在心理方面的启迪确实有助于促进大脑功能，即C)项。排除此三选项，故选D)项。
[避错点拨] 原文第二段第五句后半句提到...while the normally harmful effects of multitasking are eliminated when the tasks are sufficiently different, drawing on separate \"wells\" of attention, rather than fighting over one. 可知，当任务迥然不同时，会调动各种不同的注意力“源泉”，而不会相互争抢一个源泉，此时，正常情况下处理多重任务的不利影响就会消除。故D)项“散步会使人们争抢一个注意力‘源泉’”与原文不符。
59．C)
[答案解析] 根据题干提示定位到原文第三段第四句：Stepping away from work combats the paralysing effects of perfectionism, because when a task is suspended, the risk of failure is suspended, too; you're thus freer to dream up insights. 可知，远离工作能够帮你战胜由完美主义带来的麻痹作用，因为当一项工作被暂停的时候，其失败的风险也会被暂停；这样，你就可以更加自由地构思洞察。即采取暂时退却的做法来进行洞察会有助于你获得某样东西，故选C)项。
[避错点拨] A)项“人们可以通过逃避现实来避免失败”、B)项“更明智的做法是人们仅仅等待机遇”和D)项“自由是人们实现梦想的基本基础”都与原文不符。
60．D)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词Ron Rosenbaum watch TV while writing定位到原文第三段最后一句：\"But I have a theory of 'competing concentration'...if you have something that you have to focus
against...it forces you to concentrate.\" 可知Ron Rosenbaum的‘强迫性
专注’理论是：如果有件事情是你集中注意力时不得不排除的，它会强迫你集中注意力。即他边看电视边写作的原因是想要找件事情强迫他集中注意力，故选D)项。
[避错点拨] A)项“他想要以一种极端的方式来挑战事情”、B)项“他想要违背作家的孤独精神”和C)项“他想要实验他的‘强迫性专注’理论”均与原文不符。
61．A)
[答案解析] 根据题干关键词author's attitude，inspirational walking定位到原文最后一段第二、三句：I'm more sceptical of the
merits of a desk for home treadmills. But all you really need do is go for a walk. 可知作者更加怀疑趴在家里书桌上做乏味的工作的价值，而且认为真正需要去做的就是去散步。即作者对具有启发性的散步是持支持观点的，故选A)项。
[避错点拨] B)项“怀疑的”、C)项“讽刺的”和D)项“否定的”均与原文不符。
Part V Cloze 62．A)
[答案解析] 动词辨析题。本题需要填入一个动词做谓语，state意为“陈述”，此处意为：来自商业革新及技术部的《更高的抱负》报告中说道„。
[避错点拨] affirm意为“证实”，infer意为“推断”，speculate意为“猜想”，此处只是表达该报告的内容，故这三项都不合语义。
63．C)
[答案解析] 动词辨析题。此处意为：英国必须恢复它的经济增长，在技术和竞争优势上给予投资，以确保经济持续复苏和未来经济发展的平衡。guarantee意为“保证，确保”。
[避错点拨] eject意为“喷射，驱逐”，specialize意为“专门从事”，magnify意为“扩大”，均不合适。
．C)
[答案解析] 逻辑衔接题。本题需要填入一个连接性副词来连接上下文，however意为“然而”，此句话意为：但是，它特别呼吁“要加强支持茎干学科——自然科学，技术，工程以及数学的学位——以及保证这个国家竞争优势的其他技术”。
[避错点拨] thus意为“因此”，meanwhile意为“与此同时”，so“所以”，均不合语义。
65．B)
[答案解析] 介词辨析题。call for意为“呼吁”，此句话意同上题。 [避错点拨] call in意为“召集”，call on意为“号召”，call at意为“拜访，停靠”。
66．A)
[答案解析] 形容词辨析题。看完这句话便知这些科目可以保证英国的竞争力优势。故选competitive，意为“竞争的”，此句话意同题。
[避错点拨] productive意为“生产的”，educational意为“教育的”，intellectual意为“智力的”，均不合适。
67．D)
[答案解析] 名词辨析题。此处意为：从茎干学科中去掉设计科目忽视了这些学科共有的特性。exclusion意为“排除”。
[避错点拨] emphasis on意为“强调”，不合语义：ignorance意为“不知”，neglect意为“忽视”，均不能表达出有意去掉的意思。
68．D)
[答案解析] 介词辨析题。此处意为：随着自然学科在就业市场中地位的确立以及设计成为推动经济的因素，从茎干学科中去掉设计科目就忽略了这些学科共有的特性。with意为“随着”。
[避错点拨] for“对„来说”，as“作为”，by“通过”。 69．C)
[答案解析] 形容词辨析题。本文主要突出创造性能力的培养，故选
creative，“创造性”，此处意为：英国创造性的从业者们在全球都有很高的需求。
[避错点拨] original意为“最初的；有独创性的”，mathematical意为“数学的”，outstanding意为“杰出的”。
70．B)
[答案解析] 名词辨析题。in high demand意为“有很高的需求”，此句话意同上题。
[避错点拨] in earnest意为“认真的”，supply意为“供给”，in surplus意为“剩余”。
71．A)
[答案解析] 名词辨析题。此处意为：《英国国家科学、技术以及艺术天才》预言在2009到2013年间创造性的行业部分将会增长4%。sector意为“范围，部分”。
[避错点拨] vacancy意为“空缺”，percentage意为“比例”，range意为“范围”。
72．C)
[答案解析] 名词辨析题。此句话意为：英国设计委员会补充说2007年的增加价值研究表明使用设计来增加产品或服务价值的公司的回报要高于那些注重于利润、营业额和市场份额的公司。return意为“回报”。
[避错点拨] ranking“排名”，reputation意为“名声”，receipt意为“收据”。
73．D)
[答案解析] 动词辨析题。此句话意为：设计和革新密切相连，be allied to意为“与„有关联”，也就是说相连。
[避错点拨] sacrifice意为“牺牲”，be devoted to意为“致力于”，compare...to意为“比喻为”，均不符合语义。
74．B)
[答案解析] 副词辨析题。此处意为：设计„被广泛认为是在日益具有挑战性的市场里维持竞争力的一个关键因素。increasingly意为“逐渐地”。
[避错点拨] frustratingly意为“令人沮丧地”，surprisingly意为“令人惊奇地”，confusingly意为“令人糊涂地”，均不合适。
75．C)
[答案解析] 动词辨析题。此处句意为：全球有许多例子来说明设计和技术相互作用所具有的经济优势。demonstrate意为“说明”。
[避错点拨] intensify“增强”，prove“证明”，consolidate意为“巩固”，均不合适。
76．C)
[答案解析] 形容词辨析题。此处意为：苹果的iPod、iMac、以及
iPhone„取得的巨大的成功并不是硬件的原因。incredible意为“不可思议的”。
[避错点拨] revolutionary意为“性的”，compatible意为“相适应的”，disastrous意为“极坏的”，均不合适。
77．A)
[答案解析] 名词辨析题。此处意同上题。consequence意为“后果”，在这里也就是说不是硬件的原因。
[避错点拨] feedback意为“回馈”，reaction意为“反应”，utilization意为“利用”，均不合适。
78．A)
[答案解析] 名词辨析题。结合本文主旨，可知游戏设计者们的需求与日俱增，故选designer意为“设计者”。
[避错点拨] player意为“玩家”，addict意为“上瘾者”，producer意为“生产商”，均不合适。
79．B)
[答案解析] 动词辨析题。本句后面提到英国队设计教育投入的缺乏，可知全球范围设计行业繁荣发展。故选：flourish，意为“繁荣”，本句话意为：尽管设计业在全球范围内繁荣增长，英国在设计教育方面的投资的缺乏却在威胁着经济增长的潜力。
[避错点拨] shrink意为“减少”，compete意为“竞争”，unite意为“团结”，均不合句意。
80．D)
[答案解析] 动词辨析题。此处意为：英国在设计教育投资的缺乏„而且也使英国在全球市场的地位岌岌可危。jeopardize意为“使处于危险境地”。
[避错点拨] stabilize意为“使稳固”，enforce意为“加强”，confirm意为“证实”，均不合句意。
81．C)
[答案解析] 动词辨析题。此句话意为：英国需要在教育上注重发展„充分发挥设计区域增长潜力所必需的高水平的设计才能。exploit意为“利用”，在此处也就是说充分发挥潜力。
[避错点拨] realize意为“实现”，fulfill意为“完成”，match意为“媲美”，均不合适。
Part Ⅵ Translation
82．on the Verge Of extinction
[考点] ①固定搭配：on the verge of“濒临于，接近于”；②核心词汇：extinction“消失，灭绝”。
83．They couldn't see a gleam of hope
[考点] 固定搭配：a gleam of hope“一丝希望”。
[拓展] “一丝希望”还可以说成：a glimmer of hope或a ray of hope。
84．can we save our honor
[考点] 倒装结构：only加介词短语放在句首表示强调的时候，句子要倒装。
[拓展] 一些否定性短语放在句首也会引起倒装，如：on no account, in vain, under no circumstances等。
85．come up with such an ingenious plan
[考点] ①固定搭配：come up with“提出，想出”；②核心词汇：ingenious“有创意的，巧妙的”。
86．No matter how many difficulties we encounter
[考点] ①让步状语从句：主句将来时，从句用现在时表将来；②核心词汇：encounter“遇见”。
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