国家公共英语(三级)笔试模拟试卷239(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷239 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.

Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers leaning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 26 by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 27 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 28 in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 29 ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 30 , the standard variety of English is based on the London 31 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 32 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 33 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 34 that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 35 Eng-lish is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 36 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 37 among local standards is really quite minor, 38 the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 39 differ-ent from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 40 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 41 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 42 much of their vigor (活力) and there is considerable pressure on them to be 43 This latter situation is not unique 44 English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 45 But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (的) ones.

1． A．said B．told C．talked D．spoken

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。speak意为“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般为不及物动词，在作为及物动词时，宾语只能是语言(如Chinese／English)、真话(truth)等少数的词，不能接that引导的名词性从句，例如：I have heard him speak of you．原句出现的宾语English说明，此处选项[D]spoken正确。选项[A]say意为“说出，说道”，着重所说的话，用直接引语时只能用say，例如：(1)He said little that we didn’t know yet．(2)He said，“I don’t know what happened．”选项[B]tell意为“告诉”，兼有嘱托，命令之意，除了较少的情况，如tell the truth／a lie之外，一般后面接双宾语，tell sb．sth．／to dosth．或tell sb．about sth．例

如：She told me to wait for her．选项[C]talk与speak意思相近，一般也用作不及物动词；用作及物动词时，宾语只能是某国语言，nonsense等词，但talk含有“话是对某人说的”意思，有较强的对答、讨论意味，例如：He went on talking fora long time，but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said．

2． A．same B．similar C．equal D．identical

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。similar意为“类似的，想像的，不是同一的”，例如：The twohouses are very similar in appearance．原句谈及标准英语使用的情况或场合，由other一词可知这种场合不是与news broadcasts一样的场合，而是相似的场合，故选项[B]similar正确，选项[A]same意为“相同的，指同一的”，例如：The same mistake occurs threetimes in the paragraph．在这一段中同样的错误出现了三次。选项[C]equal意为“(指事物在数量价值方面)相等的，平等的，胜任的”，例如：(1)We divided the cake into three equal parts．(2)He was equal to the occasion．他能应付这场面。选项[D]identical意为“同一的，完全相同的”，例如：(1)It’s the identical coat which was stolen from me．(2)The tests are identical to those carried out last year．全句可译为：它通常指用于印刷品的书面英语，在学校里所教授的英语。它也指那些受过教育的人所使用的英语。标准英语也常常用于新闻广播或其他类似的场合。

3．

A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于词语搭配题。have sth．／nothing to do with意为“与……有(无)关”，例如：It had nothing to do with the committee’s decision．根据原文的意思，标准英语与非标准英语的差别是否与正式语言和口头语言的差别有关，由下文，标准英语既有正式语言也有口语，因此，从原则上来说，二者没有关系，故选项[C]nothing正确。其他选项：[A]anything，[B]something和[D]everything均与句意不符。

4．

A．language B．vocabulary C．idioms D．words

正确答案：A

解析：本题属于语义搭配题。language意为“语言”，此处缺一个名词。下面解释的句子中用到了variants一词，只有language一词与之范围相当。故选项[A]language正确。其他选项：[B]vocabulary(词汇); [C]idioms(成语)；[D]words(单词)都属于variants的从属概念。全句可译为：(我们)应该注意到，标准英语与非标准英语之间的区别原则上并非是正式语言与口语的区别。标准英语既有书面语又有口语。

5．

A．Surprisingly B．Historically C．Interestingly D．Generally

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。historically意为“在历史上”，根据上下文意思，前面谈的是标准英语是什么，下文谈到标准英语的起源，故选项[B]Historically正确。选项[A]Surprisingly意为“令人吃惊地”；选项[C]Interestingly意为“令人感到有趣的是”；选项[D]Generally意为“一般地，通常”，例如：Generally，he doesn’t take medicine，but sometimeshe does．又如：It’s generally believed that…(人们普遍认为……)。

6．

A．accent

B．pronunciation C．spelling D．dialect

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。dialect意为“方言”，属于一种语言形式，根据下文出现thisdialect一词，可知此处指伦敦方言，故选项[D]dialect正确。选项[A]accent(口音)；选项[B]pronunciation(发音)；选项[C]spelling(拼写)，都是属于语言的内容，故不符合题意。全句可译为：就标准英语的发展来说，它是建立在伦敦方言的基础上的。诺曼底征服后，宫廷从搬到伦敦，伦敦方言不断发展。

7．

A．preferred B．learned C．praised D．created

正确答案：A

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。prefer意为“比较喜欢”，例如：He prefers to work alone．根据上下文的意思，上文谈到标准英语从伦敦方言发展而来，而受过教育的人们使用的是标准英语，那么，伦敦英语肯定曾经受过这些人青睐(prefer)，喜欢该语言并喜欢使用它，故选项[A]preferred正确。选项[B]learned(学习的)；选项[C]praised(赞扬的)，没有体现出人们爱用伦敦方言的意味；选项[D]created(创造的)，伦敦方言并不是由受过教育的人创造出来的。

8． A．to B．in C．as D．for

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于语法题。as意为“成为”，根据句子意思：这种方言逐渐发展，成为了一种标准，故选项[C]as正确。其他选项;[A]to；[B]in；[D]for均不符题意。全句可译为：伦敦方言得到了那些受过教育的人的青睐。对于社会上越来越多的人来说，它已经发展成为一种标准。

9． A．basis B．norm C．rule D．variety

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。norm意为“标准”，例如；One child per family is becomingthe norm in some countries．根据上下文，前面谈到伦敦方言已经发展成为一种标准(norm)，下文提及正是这个norm漂洋过海，传到海外，因此选项[B]norm正确。其他选项：[A]basis(基础)．[C]rule(规则)；[D]variety(变体)均不合题意。伦敦英语是英语的一种变体，但这种变体已发展成为一种标准，传到海外的是这一标准。全句可译为：这种标准后来漂洋过海，传到了海外。但在传播过程中它并非一成不变。

10． A．formal B．colloquial C．non-standard D．standard

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。standard意为“标准(的)”，根据文章内容，所谈论的都是standard English，因此选项[D]standard正确。其他选项：[A]formal(正式的)；[B]colloquial(口语的，口语体);[C]non—standard(非标准的)，均不符题意。

11． A．not B．very C．much D．hardly

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于词语搭配题。much the same意为“差不多，几乎一样”，例如：The patientis much the same．根据原文句意：世界各地所用的语法和词汇基本相同，故选项[C]much正确。选项[A]not(不)，表示否定意味，与题意不符；选项[B]very不与same连用；选项[D]hardly(几乎不)，与题意相反。

12．

A．variation

B．standardization C．unification D．transformation

正确答案：A

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。variation意为“变化”，如生物学中的变种，音乐上的变调。例如：(1)The same story was told，with slight variations，of many legendary heroes．(2)The variations of temperature in that district are very great．同源名词variety意为“[不可数名词]多样性；[可数名词]同类的不同品种”，例如：There are numerous varietiesof peonies(牡丹)。又如：the tremendous variety of the themes；根据上下文，前文谈到世界各地所用的语法及词汇基本相同，各地之间的差异就应该很小，此处差异即[A]varia—tion。选项[B]standardization(标准化)，与下文的minor搭配不当；选项[C]unification意为“联合，统一”，不合题意，例如：The traffic laws of the different states need unification．选项[D]transformation意为“转变”，原指形式的改变，引申为性质、特点的改变，例如：the social and political transformation of a country，用在语言学里，指句子结构的转换，与题意不符。

13．

A．therefore B．but C．so that

D．nevertheless

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于语法题。so that为组合连词，连接结果状语从句，根据句子意思，前半句讲地区差异很少，下半句讲新加坡、南非等地的英语差别不大，是前半句的结果，故选项[C]so that正确。选项EA]therefore副词，连接因果状语从句，例如：Those people havetheir umbrellas up；therefore，it must be raining．选

项[B]but(但是)和选项[D]nevertheless(然而)均连接转折状语从句，例如：He was very tired，nevertheless he kept working.

14． A．great B．much C．no D．little

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。此题需填一个表示差别大小的副词，根据上下文意思：语言变体的差别很小，故选项[D]little正确。其他选项：[A]great，[B]much和[C]no均不符合题意。

15． A．talked B．concerned C．mentioned D．involved

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于词语搭配题。as far as…be concerned意为”就……而言”，例如：As far as Iam concerned，l cannot object to your decision．此题属固定搭配，故选项[B]concerned正确。选项[A]talked(谈论)，不符合题意；选项[C]mentioned意为“提到”，例如：Hecasually mentioned that he was leaving his job．选项[D]involved意为“涉及，卷入，牵涉”，常与in／with搭配，例如：(1)The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying out the murders．(2)Winning the game involves both skill and fortune．(想赢这场比赛，既要技巧也要运气。)全句可译为：现在，在使用英语的地方，标准英语已经达到了语法和词汇基本相同的程度，各地之间的差异很小。因此，就语法和词汇而言，新加坡、南非以及爱尔兰的英语并没有什么不同。

16． A．press B．pressure C．power D．force

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于词语搭配题。exert pressure on意为“施加压力”，根据句子意思：标准英语太强大，以至于对地方英语产生极大的影响，亦即施加压力，另外下文也出现pressure一词，故选项[B]pressure正确。其他选项：[A]press(强迫)，[C]power(力量)和[D]force(力量)，均不符题意。

17． A．lost B．gained C．missed D．got

正确答案：A

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。lose one’s vigor意为“失去活力”，根据句子意思：地方英语受到标准英语的影响，许多使用很久的方言失去了活力，故选项[A]lost正确。选项[B]gained(获得)和选项[D]got与句意不符；选项[C]missed意为“错失(因各种原因)”，例如：I hate missing the beginning of a film．

18．

A．abandoned B．changed C．standardized D．reformed

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。standardize意为“标准化”，根据上下文的意思可知：那些使用很久的方言(有特点的地方性语言)失去了活力，并面临着被标准化的压力，故选项[C]standardized正确。选项[A]abandoned意为“被遗弃的，放弃的”，例如：The village hadalready been abandoned．又如：abandon one’s attempt to do(放弃某人的努力去做)；选项[B]changed意为“改变”；选项[D]reformed意为“变革”，有变化之意，但用在此处不够准确。全句可译为：事实上，标准英语非常强大。它对于英语的所有地方变体都有着巨大的影响，以至于英格兰一些形成已久的方言也丧失了活力并且面临着被标准化的巨大压力。

19． A．in B．of C．for D．to

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于词语搭配题。be unique to意为“独一无二的”，例如：None of these socialproblems is unique to this country．其他选项：[A]in，[B]of和[C]for均不符合题意。

20．

A．in the way B．under way C．out of the way D．all the way

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语义搭配题。under way意为“在进行中”，例如：We have several projectsunder way．根据原文意思，在标准化进程实行的过程中，故选项[B]under way正确。选项[A]in the way意为“挡道的，妨碍人的”，例如：If you’re going to help，at least don’tget in the way．选项[C]out of the way意为“不挡道，得到解决的”，例如：While the fightwas going on，he tried to keep out of the way．选项[D] all the way意为“一直，完全地”，例如：I ran all the way to the office．另外与way连用的常见短语有：by the way(顺带地)；find one’s way(设法到达)；in a way(在某种程度上)；in no way(绝不)；make way(让路)；one way or another(用某种方法)；give way(让步，屈服)；on the way out(行将过时的)；see one’s clear way to do／doing sth．(愿意做某事)。全句可译为：后者的情况不仅仅发生在英国。在别的一些正在进行英语标准化的国家也存在这种情况。

Section III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the text, match the items (61-65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Joan: That is, goals that are small, manageable, achievable, realistic and tangible. Too many people judge whether they’re overweight by those depressing insurance-company tables listing” ideal”or”healthy”body weights based on low mortality rates. But such tables represent only the weights of people who applied for life insurance and lived the longest. They do not accurately measure the effects of excess body fat on sickness or longevity for the entire population. Nor do they tell you your healthiest weight.Kate: To reduce, you must combine the three key elements of long-term weight control. First, follow a nutritionally balanced, healthful eating plan. Increase the fiber in your diet and cut your fat intake to 25 to 30 grams per day. If you’ve selective about the food you choose, you can eat three meals a day and up to three low-fat snacks. One explanation for this quick impact is that you are what you eat. It’s not just the pounds of excess body fat that cause all the trouble. It’s the high-fat calories that you consume every day to maintain those extra pounds. As soon as you cut out those additional high-fat calories, you’ll be healthier and happier. Jean : Here’s the tough part. After trimming down, easy-does-it dieters spend at least six months adapting to their new weight. This gives the body time to adjust to the changes it has undergone in diet, exercise and life-style. Don’t get caught in the trap of all-or-nothing thinking. An occasional lapse is normal. We recommend what we call the “R-K-0”system. Each day that you follow a program of low fat diet and exercise is an “R”day of “regularly reducing. “Days when you want to just hold steady—eat a bit more, exercise slightly less—are “K”days, for”keeping it off. “Days when you splurge are”0”days, for”off”. At the end of each day, mark an R, K or O on your calendar. The winning formula is to have your K days, and your K days outnumber your O days.Rose: Of the 34 million American adults who are classified as overweight, about two million should lose 100 or more pounds. These

people obviously need to lose more than ten percent of their body weight; they will require medical supervision, rapid weight loss and the use of special portion-controlled foods. In most cases, however, people who are overweight can start an easy-does-it plan. Then, after they’ve maintained their new, slimmer bodies for six months, they can consider a second cycle. How do you decide whether you’ve lost enough weight? Feeling good is the first sign. Health-risk factors are an even better indicator. Before you go on an easy-does-it weight-loss program, have your doctor measure your cholesterol, body fat and blood pressure. Then check with your physician at the beginning of the six-month maintenance stage. After that, you can move forward on your own.Jone: The easy-does-it diet is not so much a diet as an approach to weight loss and life-style. You don’t have to hit a magic number on your scale. You can achieve a healthy weight safely and permanently—if you just remember:easy does it. Statements61. Joan [A] We should set”smart”goals.62. Kate [B] The first few pounds you lose are the most valuable.63. Jean [C] One must keep it off.. Rose [D] Moderate weight loss is easier to sustain.65. Jone [E] Easy-does-it is necessary. [F] You should take it off. [G] Reassess.

21．

正确答案：A

22．

正确答案：F

23．

正确答案：C

24．

正确答案：G

25．

正确答案：E