郑州大学现代远程教育《英汉翻译》课程考核要求
14112129001 李亚利
一． 作业要求
1. 文档的开头注明姓名（学号）。
2. 完成，不得抄袭他人，雷同作业按照零分处理 二． 作业内容 (一)、 填空题
1. 我国的翻译史分为 汉-宋 ， 明-清初 ， 近代 ， 现代 等四个时期。
2. 严复在《天演论》卷首的《译例言》中提出了著名的 信、达、雅 的翻译标准。
3. 汉语是 孤立 语言，其主客体统一，英语是 逻辑 语言，其主客体二分。
4. 具体的翻译方法有 拆分 、 转换 、 换序 、 增补 、 合并译法 、
转态译法 等。
(二)、翻译下列习语
1. Ill news comes apace. 好事不出门,坏事传千里
2. Among the blind the one-eyed man is king. 山中无老虎,猴子称大王
3. Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 船到桥头自然直.
4. The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
5. A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出驷马难追。
6. to talk black into white 颠倒黑白
7. at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟
8. to kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟
9. Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。
10 . Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚人以群分
(三)、修改下列句子的翻译，写出更恰当的译文。
1. 原文：In 1928, Walt Disney’s Mickey Mouse was first seen in the cartoon, Steamboat Willy.
译文：1928年，瓦尔特·迪斯尼的米老鼠在卡通片《威利号轮船》中首次被看见。
改正：1928年Walt Disney的米老鼠第一次出现在Steamboat Willy的卡通里.
2. 原文: By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them
overseen.
译文：到1820年，标准方式已经是把工人雇到工厂里，使他们监督。
改正：从1820年开始,把工人带进工厂然后监督他们工作就成为了常规.
3. 原文: She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.
译文：她尽力纠正丈夫的抢劫行为。
改正：她尽了她最大的努力从一起抢劫的指控中证明她的丈夫是无罪的
4. 原文: Don't lose time in doing your homework.
译文：别在做作业上浪费时间。
改正：不要匆匆忙忙的做你的作业
5. 原文: She recognized the absurdity of dealing with these people through intermediaries.
6. 译文：她认识到通过中间人跟这些人打交道的愚蠢性。
改正：她认识到妄图通过中间人与这些人达成共识是不可能的.
7. 原文: I discovered that more than desire and emotion were necessary to
write, so I dropped the idea.
8. 译文：我发现，要写作，需要更大的愿望和更丰富的感情。于是，我放弃了写作的念头。
改正：因为我发现了对于写作来来说,有比渴望与激情更重要的东西,所以我放弃了之前的想法.
9. 原文: One can never see too many summer sunrises on the Mississippi River.
10. 译文：夏天，人们永远不能在密西西比河上看到太多的日出。
改正：人们永远也无法在Mississippi河看见充满阳光的夏天.
11. 原文：He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
12. 译文：他耸了耸他的肩，摇了摇他的头，他的两眼看着天，一句话也不说。
改正：他耸了耸肩膀,摇了摇头,眨了眨眼睛,却没说什么.
(四)、翻译下列句子，并写出划线部分用到什么翻译方法。
1. He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.
他是个优柔寡断且反复无常的人。
2. It is only shallow people who judge by appearance.
只有肤浅的人才会以貌取人。
3. A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.
好的戏剧教育和鼓舞人民
4. To them, he personified the absolute power.
对他们来说，他是绝对权力的典型
5. Each had his own business to handle.
每人都有自己的事务要处理。
6. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker. 他不吸烟，但他父亲烟不离嘴。
7. Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.
大多数问题已经满意地解决了，只有少数次要的问题还待讨论。
8. We will live up to our Party's expectation.
我们要不辜负党的期望。
9. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
思考在学习中是完全有必要的。
10. We won't retreat, we never have and never will. 我么不会退缩，我们绝没有过也绝不会。
（五）、翻译篇章
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of story which works well because the audience all share the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very
peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
如果你想在谈话中使用幽默，让人微笑，你必须知道如何识别共同的经历和问题。你的幽默必须与观众有一定的关联性，应该有助于向他们表明你是他们中的一个，或者你了解他们的处境，并同情他们的观点。取决于你是谁，问题将是不同的。如果你和一群经理谈话，你可能会提及他们秘书的工作方法，或者如果你在处理秘书，你可能想对他们的老板们说。
下面是一个例子，我在一个护士大会上听到的，这是一个很好的故事，因为观众都有相同的看法。一个人来到天堂，正在被展示的圣约皮特。他看到了美妙的住宿，美丽的花园，阳光明媚的天气，等等。所有人都很安静，礼貌和友好，直到，在排队等候午餐时，这位新来的人突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一边，他冲到队伍的最前面，抓起食物，踩到一张桌子。“那是谁？“新来的人问圣彼。“哦，那是上帝，”他回答，“但有时他认为他是一个医生。”
如果你是你谈话对象的一部分，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可以进行评头论足餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲品味。对于其他听众，你不能试图把幽默，因为他们不喜欢一个外人贬损他们的餐厅或总裁。如果你坚持这样的替罪羊，邮局或电话系统是在安全的地方。
如果你觉得自己很幽默，你一定要练习，这样才变得更自然。包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式。它常常使听众发笑，因此说慢一些，并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情可以帮助显示你是在讲。
寻找幽默。它往往来自意想不到的。一个熟悉的格言“如果你不成功，放弃”或一个游戏的话，或在一个情况。留意夸张和打折扣的话。看你的谈话，选出一些你可以打开和注入幽默感的单词或句子。