在职攻硕英语联考模拟试卷105(题后含答案及解析)

在职攻硕英语联考模拟试卷105 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Dialogue Communication 2. Vocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Cloze Test 5. Translation 6. Writing

Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)

Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

1． Speaker A: I’m going to the park with some friends for a barbecue on Sunday. Would you like to join us? Speaker B: ______

A．Why not on Saturday? You see, I have an important appointment on Sunday. B．Thanks, but unfortunately I have to take my sister to the airport on Sunday. C．That’s a wonderful idea. Barbecue is one of my favorites. D．What preparation do you expect me to do for the barbecue?

正确答案：B

解析：A方邀请B方周日一起去公园烧烤，B项先表示感谢，然后解释周日另有安排，婉转地谢绝，符合这一情景下的交际惯例，是正确答案。

2． Speaker A: I’d like to check in, please. Speaker B: ______ A．Certainly. Do you have a reservation? B．Sorry, I don’t see what you mean.

C．Sure, I can help you with the checking.

D．Thank you, we provide first class service here.

正确答案：A

解析：由A方的话“我想登记住宿”可知，B方应为旅馆接待人员，合乎这一职业的说法应是A项“当然可以。您预订了吗?”

3． Speaker A: Hello, is that Steve? I’m stuck in a traffic jam. I’m afraid I can’t make it before seven o’clock. Speaker B: ______

A．OK, but I still hope you’ll try your best to arrive on time. B．Yes. The traffic is very heavy because it’s the rush hour. C．Why don’t you leave home a bit earlier? D．Never mind. I’ll be here waiting for you.

正确答案：D

解析：A方的话表明，他因交通阻塞而不能及时赶到B方所在处，正在半路上通过手机向B方解释。D项“没关系，我会等你的”符合这一特定的对话

场景，是正确答案。A项后半部分不太符合英语交际惯例，C项带有指责A方的意思，显得不礼貌，B项与A方内容无逻辑关系。

4． Speaker A: Where can I find a map of the university campus? Speaker B: ______

A．Yeah, with a map you won’t get lost on such a big campus. B．Sorry, we don’t sell maps and things like that here. C．Have you tried the information center?

D．OK, let me tell you how to get the university campus.

正确答案：C

解析：A方询问哪里可以找到校园图，需要B方作出答复。选项A、B、D均与问题不一致，C项是反问句，暗示可能在问讯处能找到，是这一对话情景下的正确答案。

5． Speaker A: I’d like to buy a copy of Professor Franklin’s book on shells. Speaker B: ______

A．Are you one of Professor Franklin’s students?

B．But I like his book on fish better than that on shells.

C．I’m sorry, sir. That book has been out of print for some time now. D．Will you pay over there at the cashier?

正确答案：C

解析：A方想买弗兰克林教授有关贝类的书，可以推断对话发生在书店，B方是书店的工作人员，C项符合这一特定场合下的对话特征，是正确答案。

Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

6． Man: Hi, Janet, I hear you’ve just returned from a tour of Australia. Did you get a chance to visit the Sydney Opera House? Woman: Of course I did. It would be a shame for anyone visiting Australia not to see this unique creation in architecture. Its magnificent beauty is simply beyond description. Question: What do we learn from this conversation?

A．Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much. B．Janet is very much interested in architecture.

C．Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much.

D．Janet thinks it’s a shame for anyone not to visit Australia.

正确答案：C 解析：女方说：“我当然参观(悉尼歌剧院)了，谁到了澳大利亚而不参观这

一创造独特的建筑真是太可惜了，它壮丽的美真是无法形容。”由此可以推断，女方非常欣赏悉尼歌剧院，C是正确答案。

7． Woman: Your dormitory room isn’t very large, is it? Man: I can hardly turn around in it. Question: What does the man mean?

A．His room is quite small.

B．He had to walk around the dormitory. C．It’s hard to find a room in the dormitory. D．It’s his turn to look at the dormitory room.

正确答案：A 解析：男方说：“我在里面几乎都转不过身来”，由此可知他的房间很小，所以A为正确答案。

8． Man: The snow is really coming down, isn’t it? Woman: Rarely do we get so much snow in December. Question: What does the woman mean?

A．It’s typical December weather for this region. B．It won’t really snow until December.

C．Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month. D．There has never been much snow down South.

正确答案：C 解析：女方说：“12月份很少有下这么多雪的。”C的内容“这个月下这么多的雪真是罕见”与女方所说的话一样，所以是正确答案。

9． Man: I think I’m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today. Woman: Just because you lost? Is that the reason to quit? Question: What does the woman imply?

A．The man should stick to what he’s doing. B．The man should take up a new hobby. C．The man should stop playing tennis.

D．The man should find the cause for his failure.

正确答案：A

解析：女方反问男方：“仅仅因为你输球(就打算放弃打球)?那是放弃的理由吗?”暗示男方不该放弃。A的内容(男方应该坚持他在做的事)与女方隐含的意思一致。

10． Woman: Next, shouldn’t we get a telephone installed in the hall? Man: Fixing the shower pipe is far more important. Question: What do we learn from the conversation?

A．They have different opinions as to what to do next. B．They have to pay for the house by installments. C．They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.

D．The man’s attitude is more sensible than the woman’s.

正确答案：A 解析：男方说：“安装淋浴水管重要得多”，由此可以看出男女双方在下一步该做些什么的问题上意见不一致，所以A正确。

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

11． First of all, this difficult problem has to be tackled, thus______us to proceed to the others.

A．to enable B．enabled C．enabling

D．having enabled

正确答案：C

解析：thus在此处应接现在分词表示结果，所以只能选C。

12． You______the experiment twice, not once. A．should have carried out B．shouldn’t have carried out C．haven’t carried out

D．couldn’t have carried out

正确答案：A 解析：“should+不定式完成式”表示“本应该做而实际没有做”的虚拟语气含义。

13． You______include this section. It’s not necessary. A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t C．don’t need D．don’t have to

正确答案：D

解析：don’t have to“不必”；如果用need，则应是you don’t need to…(need是实义动词)，或you needn’t include…(need是情态动词)。

14． Concerning population, China ranks high in the world, ______ some areas are sparsely settled.

A．and yet

B．so even C．if not D．except for

正确答案：A

解析：and yet表示转折、让步，用在前后意义相反的句子中。

15． Written, ______, in an easy style, the book is suitable for beginners. A．as it was B．as it does C．as it is

D．as it has been

正确答案：C

解析：过去分词+as it is(was)表示原因。这是一种强调语气的表示“原因”的结构。Written，as it is，in an easy style相当于as it is written in an easy style。又如：This article，published as it was，in a small local magazine，remained unknown for a long time．这篇文章由于发表在一个地方小杂志上，所以长时间没有人知道。这个句子是一般现在时，所以不能选A。

16． She______be a Canadian because she’s got a British passport. A．can’t

B．isn’t able to C．mustn’t

D．doesn’t need to

正确答案：A

解析：can’t be与must be相对，用于否定的推测，对过去动作的否定推测，用can’t+不定式完成式。

17． Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least.

A．of which B．for what C．as D．whose

正确答案：A 解析：句子的后半部分是带介词的非限定性定语从句，用来对主句作附加说明，which的先行词是problems。whose作关系代词引导从句时，只能作定语，所以用在此句是不对的。如：It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time．那是一次会见，其重要性我当时没有认识到。whose用于指物时，有时可以与of which交替使用，但通常of which前面要有名词词组，如：He has written a book，the name of which(=whose name)I’ve completely forgotten．他写

了一本书，书名我忘记了。what作关系代词时，相当于the thing which，通常不出现先行词，用来引导表语从句、主语从句和宾语从句，因此在这里是不合适的。as作连词时，用来引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句和比较状语从句，用在此处不符合逻辑。

18． If possible, an environmental team should be formed______representatives and experts from various scientific fields who can contribute their ideas and experience.

A．consisting of B．to consist of C．consisted of

D．having consisted of

正确答案：A

解析：现在分词短语consisting of…在句中作team的后置定语，相当于an environmental team which consists of…。此句译为：“假如可能的话，应成立一个环境小组，其中包括各方面的代表，以及能提供自己的知识和经验的各学科领域的专家。”

19． We know that the statement commonly accepted when the first edition of this book was printed, ______life was altogether absent in the deepest parts of the sea, is not true.

A．in which B．that C．how D．whose

正确答案：B 解析：句子的语法结构是：that the statement…is not true是know的宾语从句，that life was…in the deepest part of the sea是statement的同位语从句，说明statement的具体内容，commonly accepted when…printed是过去分词短语作statement的后置定语。搞清楚句子结构，正确选项就不难判断了。题句意为：在海洋深处完全没有生命这一说法，在本书第一版出版时是人们所公认的，但现在我们知道它并不正确。

20． The laser is a very useful means for long-distance communications, the great accuracy in the direction of its beams______effective use of small amount of power.

A．makes B．making C．made D．to make

正确答案：B

解析：句子的后半部分是全句的一个成分，即原因状语，在此处应由分词担当，根据句意“准确的光束定向有效地利用了少量的能源”，应选现在分词making。全句意为：激光是非常有用的远距离通讯工具，它的光束定向异常准确，能有效地利用少量的能源。

21． TV, if properly used, can______a child’s imagination. A．arise B．incite C．invoke D．stimulate

正确答案：D

解析：stimulate one’s imagination“激发某人的想象力”；arise“由……引起(from)；出现”；incite“激励；煽动”；invoke“引起”。

22． The police managed to______down the criminal in a small town. A．trace B．track C．pursue D．search

正确答案：B

解析：track down“(经过搜索、追捕)找到；查到”；trace“跟踪”，pursue“追寻”，这两个词都直接接宾语；search“寻找”接介词for。

23． I have been offered the appointment,______to my passing a medical examination.

A．dependent B．conditional C．provisional D．subject

正确答案：D

解析：subject to“受……控制；以……为条件”；dependent(on)“依赖……；取决于……”；conditional(on／upon)“以……为条件”；provisional“临时的”。

24． The article is too long. Could you______the last two paragraphs? A．throw out B．let out C．cut out D．keep out

正确答案：C

解析：cut out“删掉”；throw out“扔出”；let out“放出”；keep out“留在外

面”。

25． The man was wrongly arrested by the police mainly because they______the names given by the witness.

A．perplexed B．puzzled C．confused D．combined

正确答案：C

解析：confuse“混淆”；perplex，puzzle“使迷惑不解”；combine“联合；使结合”。

26． It was some time before he______ after being knocked out. A．came to B．came back C．came over D．came across

正确答案：A

解析：come to“恢复知觉；苏醒”，与come round同义；come back“回来”；come over“过来”；come across“遇到”。

27． In recent years, there has been a______increase in the cost of living. A．powerful B．violent C．wide

D．significant

正确答案：D

解析：significant increase“大幅度增长”。其他几个词一般不用来修饰increase。

28． To be a good poet one needs, among other things, a very______imagination. A．vivid B．living C．wide D．colorful

正确答案：A 解析：vivid imagination“活跃的想象力”。其他三个词均不能修饰imagination。

29． Accuracy is______to the programing of computers. A．elementary

B．fundamental C．characteristic D．primary

正确答案：B

解析：fundamental“十分重要的；基本的”；elementary“初级的，基础的”；primary“最初的；基层的”；characteristic of“具有……的特点”。

30． It has always been the______of our company to encourage workers to take part in social activities.

A．plan

B．procedure C．rule D．policy

正确答案：D

解析：policy“，方针”；plan“计划”；procedure“步骤”；rule“规则”。本句可译为：“鼓励工人参与社会活动是我们公司一贯奉行的。”

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Who to believe? Nokia or Ericsson? IBM or Sun Microsystems? Microsoft or Siebel? Rarely have the fortunes of technology companies appeared to differ so widely. Nokia, the world’s largest maker of mobile phones, this week reported better-than-expected sales for the latest quarter, holding out the prospect that its market share would soon reach new highs. By contrast, Ericsson, a rival, was full of gloom. Reporting bigger losses than expected, the company said that sales of its mobile phones were likely to tumble by 20% this year. Motorola, another maker of mobile phones, is in a similar boat. On October 15th, the company reported a return to profit in its most recent period after a run of losses, but lowered its forecasts for the rest of the year and for 2003. Demand in wireless, broadband and semiconductors continued to slow, said the company. Unimpressed, investors marked down Motorola’s shares to a ten-year low. The pattern of haves and have-nots is repeated in software too. While Microsoft was in chipper mood this week—revelling in a 26% increase in sales and a doubling of its profits after tax for the quarter to the end of September—Siebel Systems and PeopleSoft, two of America’s leading suppliers of business software, were down in the dumps. While PeopleSoft managed a modest profit, Siebel reported a loss for the last quarter and said it expected the present quarter to be equally tough. Despite (or because of) their contrasting fortunes, Microsoft and Siebel announced a joint marketing deal on October 21st: Microsoft is

to sell Siebel’s customer-manage-merit software through . NET, its web-services product. Why are some companies doing better than others? One reason is that, now more than ever, those that are competitive seem to be punishing those that are not. Nokia has stretched its lead over Ericsson which, in addition to lower sales of mobile phones, has suffered from the severe fall in demand for telecoms infrastructure, its biggest business. There was, however, some good news for Ericsson’s shares on October 18th, when the company said that the infrastructure unit came close to breaking even in the most recent quarter. Cost-cutting has also helped SAP, Europe’s largest developer of business software, has reduced its expenses by 8%. As a result, its margins have improved a lot compared with those of its competitors. Microsoft has employed different tactics. It has capitalized on customers’ fears that the cost of upgrading their software, such as the company’s Windows XP operating system, could climb. Many have rushed to buy now in case prices rise. In tune with the times, Microsoft is also keen to demonstrate how its products can save its customers money. Understandably, this is winning its sales.

31． By saying “Motorola is in a similar boat”, the author means______. A．Motorola is another maker of mobile phones

B．Motorola is in a similar situation with that of Ericsson

C．Motorola is faced with similar rivals with those of Ericsson D．Motorola is a partner of Ericsson

正确答案：B

解析：句子+上下文理解题。本文在第一段后半部分讲到爱立信公司处境困难，公司亏损，且移动电话销售额今年可能会降低20％。接着第二段说，摩托罗拉公司也是处于相同的船上，也就是说，摩托罗拉公司与爱立信公司境况相同。故选B。

32． The pattern of haves and have-nots in software industry refers to the fact that______.

A．Microsoft is prospering while Siebel and Peoplesoft are still losing ground B．Microsoft dominates the market while Siebel and Peoplesoft are cast out of the market

C．Microsoft has software for various purposes while Siebel and Peoplesoft have only business software

D．Microsoft strikes a marketing deal with Siebel and refused to cooperate with Peoplesoft

正确答案：A 解析：细节题。haves and have-nots的本意是“富人和穷人”，在本文中指“盈利的富公司和亏损的穷公司”。第三段谈到了软件行业的格局，也就是微软盈利而财富巨大，而西伯尔和人软则是亏损而财富拮据。故A是正确选项。其他三个选项均不符合原文。

33． One factor that contributes to some companies’ greater profits is their______.

A．newer products B．higher share prices C．lower product prices D．lower costs

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。文章最后两段分析了公司业绩出现悬殊差距的原因。一是与公司的竞争力有关，二是与公司降低成本有关。在第二个原因中，较低的成本会有助于提高利润率。所以D是正确答案。A“产品较新”，B“股价较高”，C“产品价格较低”在文章中都没有提及，所以都不对。

34． The phrase “capitalize on” (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means______. A．supply funds to B．give birth to

C．take advantage of D．put up with

正确答案：C

解析：词汇题。最后一段讲到微软取得的业绩是采用了某种策略。从上下文可知，顾客担心软件升级会增加成本，因此许多人现在前来购买唯恐价格上涨。由此可知，微软是利用了顾客的这种担心的心理，热心地向顾客展示自己的产品如何帮助他们省钱，使销售额增加了。所以C的take advantage of(充分利用)符合这个意思。capitalize本身有“字母大写；资本化”等意思，在这里capitalize on是“利用”的意思。

35． What is the best title for the passage? A．Technology Giants in Trouble. B．World IT Market.

C．A New Gulf in IT Industry. D．Technology Companies.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。文章开头就提出全文的主题：科技公司的财富在以前似乎很少会产生这么大的差距。文章中给出多个例子说明现在科技公司有的在盈利，而有的在亏损，其财富产生悬殊差距，并以haves and have-nots(富人和穷人)来形容这两种公司。然后又分析了其中的部分原因。由此可见C“信息技术业内的一个新差距”符合这个意思，适合做文章标题。A是片面的，因为文章中不只是讲处于困境的公司，还涉及许多发达盈利的公司；B“世界IT市场”不是本文的中心内容，因为本文不是讲IT市场的情况，而是讲IT公司的状况；D“科技公司”这个标题太笼统，故也不合适。

There have been several claims to have cloned humans over the past few years. Most have been bogus. But the announcement made this week by Woo Sur Hwang, of Seoul National University in South Korea, and his colleagues, is serious. It is the first to achieve the accolade of publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Dr. Hwang’s work appears in Science. The terminology of human development has become slippery over the past few years, in the hands of both “life-begins-at-conception” propagandists who want to stop this sort of research, and publicity-seeking scientists who have claimed more than they have really achieved. What Dr. Hwang and his team have created is not what developmental biologists would normally refer to as an embryo. But it is a genuine scientific advance. South Korea’s researchers have taken egg cells from volunteer women, removed the nuclei from those cells (which contain only half of the genetic complement required to make a human being, since the other half is provided by the sperm), and replaced each nucleus with one taken from one of the volunteer’s body cells (which contains a full genetic complement). Given a suitable chemical kick-start, such re-nucleated cells will begin dividing as though they were eggs that had been fertilised in the more traditional manner. Since they have all of the mother’s genes, they count as clones. Then the team cultured the dividing eggs until they had formed structures called blastocysts, with a few dozen cells each. This is the significant advance. At this stage the structure, though still just a featureless ball of cells, has started to differentiate into the body’s three basic cell types (known as endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm). The researchers were able to extract cells from some of their blastocysts, and grow tissues containing all three cell types. These are so-called stem cells, which can be directed to form a wide variety of the specialised cells from which organs are built. That, not the creation of new human beings, is the stated reason for this sort of research, since specialised cells made this way might be used to replace the cells lost in diseases such as Parkinson’s and type-I diabetes. This process is known as therapeutic cloning. No doubt Dr Hwang’s scientific success will sharpen the debate between those who see therapeutic cloning as a potential force for good, and those who see it as a step on the road to a cloned human being. The former have been queuing up to praise the scientist’s work. It is “a major medical milestone” that could help spur a “revolution”, said Robert Lanza, a cloning expert. But opponents of therapeutic cloning should not worry too much yet. The road from a blastocyst to a baby is a long and complex one. Nevertheless, the South Korean breakthrough make’s it more urgent than ever that legislation be passed differentiating clearly between therapeutic and reproductive cloning—permitting the former and prohibiting the latter.

36． What does the word “bogus” (Line 2) most probably mean? A．Different. B．Fake. C．Bold. D．Genuine.

正确答案：B

解析：词汇题。此题需要对上下文进行分析。作者认为以前大多数关于克隆出人的宣布都是bogus，紧接着用But转折指出韩国宣布的结果却是serious(严肃认真的)。第二段也提到，But it is a genuine scientific advance。由此可推断，bogus与serious，genuine意思相反。四个选项中只有B项Fake“假的；伪造的”合理，所以为正确答案。

37． The South Korean team’s breakthrough in cloning is that______. A．they have really created an embryo

B．they have developed women’s body cells into blastocysts C．they have cultivated blastocysts with fixed features

D．they have been able to grow tissues containing stem cells

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。此题需要认真阅读文章中有关韩国的克隆研究内容部分。从第二段中部开始，我们得知，韩国科学家从志愿的妇女身体上取得卵细胞，去除其中的核子，代之以该志愿者的体细胞中取出的核子。通过化学的方法，被重新置人体细胞核子的卵细胞开始，就好像是以传统的方式“授精”了一样。(由此可知B明显不对。)然后研究小组将的卵细胞进行培养直到它们形成一种叫blastocyst的结构，这种结构此时只是没有任何面貌身体特点的细胞球(C与这点不符合，所以不对)，但开始分化形成身体所需的三种基本细胞。因此研究人员可以从blastocyst结构中提取细胞，培养成含有这三种细胞的组织。这些干细胞可以通过培养形成各种用于构建器官的特殊细胞。通过以上分析可知，D是正确答案。

38． The team’s claimed objective of its cloning research is to______. A．develop fertilized eggs with all mother’s genes B．form body structures with all three basic cell types C．obtain specialised cells from which organs are built D．create new human beings

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。在第四段中，干细胞通过培养形成各种用于构建器官的特殊细胞(即C)，是韩国研究人员宣称的进行研究的原因，而不是创造新人类(D)。A和B都与原文意思不一致。所以C是本题正确答案。

39． It can be inferred from the passage that the author______. A．doesn’t think it likely to develop a blastocyst to a baby B．is an opponent of therapeutic cloning

C．thinks it necessary to use law to control cloning D．is a proponent of productive cloning

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据文章最后一段，作者认为反对者对医疗性克隆研究人不必太担心，因为从韩国科学家研究出的blastocyst到克隆出人类还需要一个漫长而复杂的过程(A说这一过程是不可能的，与原文不符)。然而，这使得对克隆研究进行立法变得更为紧迫(即C的意思)，应立法对医疗目的的克隆研究和旨在克隆人类的研究进行区分，允许前者，禁止后者(B和D正好与此相反)。由此可知C是正确答案。

40． The author’s tone in discussing South Korea’s cloning advance is of______. A．criticism B．satire C．suspicion D．appreciation

正确答案：D

解析：作者语气题。作者在文章中用了serious，a genuine scientific advance，significant advance，breakthrough等词来描述韩国科学家的研究成果，而且认为这是医疗性克隆研究(therapeutic cloning)，对此作者是支持的，所以可知作者的语气是D“赞赏”。

While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society. Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom. As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or required, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it

does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.

41． It is known from the first paragraph that ______ A．fashion operates in every society

B．fashion can be found only in a few fields of group life C．fashion originates in a class society

D．people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句话，时尚发生作用需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它不会在一个像原始部落那样的同类社会或种性社会出现。因此C符合这个意思，而A和D不符合这个意思；根据另一句：它可以在群体生活的任何一个领域发生作用，可知B是不对的。所以只有C最恰当。

42． According to the author, which of the following people usually lead a new fashion?

A．Philosophers. B．Artists. C．Writers.

D．The social elite.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据文章第二段。在一个阶级社会中，上层社会或所谓的社会精英的生活和行为的更为外在的特点很可能被紧靠其下的那个社会阶层所仿效，这个阶层又进而被社会结构中紧靠其下的群体所仿效。这一过程使时尚成为一种垂直的下传。然而，精英阶层发现由于被别人仿效，他们已不再与众不同，因此他们又采纳新的区分标准，而这些标准被仿效后又会被取代。正是这种特点使得时尚成为一种运动。由此可见，引导一种新时尚的通常是社会精英，即D。

43． Which of the following statements is true? A．Fashion, as a movement, is static.

B．A fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched. C．A fashion will never vanish once it is launched.

D．The upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement.

正确答案：B 解析：是非题。此题涉及文章中的几个细节，要求识别符合文章的一个选项。根据第二段最后一句，一位作家这样评论：时尚，一旦开始，会继续下去直到消亡，而B符合这句话的意思，C则与其意思相反。文章中说时尚是一种运动，不是静止的，所以A不对；而在上题的分析中已知时尚通常是由上层阶级引导的，所以D说上层社会在使时尚成为运动的过程中起了很小的作用，不符合这个意

思。故B是本题正确答案。

44． According to the author, a fashion movement______. A．will eventually develop into a social organization B．has little in common with other movements C．has a powerful leadership guiding it D．has a set of symbols and values

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据最后一段第一句，作为一种运动，时尚与其他我们曾考虑过的任何运动几乎没有什么相似之处，这正是B所表达的意思。其他三个选项都与最后一段的内容不相符。文章中说没有领导层来有意识地指导时尚运动的方向，所以C不对；参与者不是通过煽动被召集来的，在他们中间没有建立任何道德规范，而时尚运动没有也不需要思想体系，所以A和D都与此不相符。所以B是正确选项。

45． It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement______. A．is a form of expressive behavior

B．contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior C．can boost the morale of its participants

D．functions in the same way as specific social movements

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。根据文章最后一段及上一题的分析，可排除B、C、D。文章最后一句说，人们是自愿地加入到时尚运动中来并对时尚施加给他们的有趣的、强大的控制作出反应。所以可推断时尚运动是一种表现行为，故选A。

Before the summer of 2000, the 54-year-old John Haughom could accomplish just about anything at work. “I could move mountains if I put my mind to it. “ he says of those days. But that summer Haughom found he couldn’t move them any more. On the phone with his wife one morning, Haughom broke down. A couple of days later Haughom checked himself in for a three-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center, an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City that helps him deal with stress. Haughom is far from alone. A host of new studies and plenty of anecdotal evidence show that stress in the workplace is skyrocketing. Whatever the cause, stress levels are at record highs. The statistics are startling. According to a new study by the federal government’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, more than half the working people in the U. S. view job stress as a major problem in their lives. This year the European Community officially dubbed stress the second-biggest occupational-health problem facing the continent. Ten years ago experts warned that stress was out of control, in part because of a shaky economy. What’s notable about today’s wave of stressed-out workers is that it rises all the way to the top. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt; sandwiched between the

top and the bottom, they end up with little authority. Powerful chief executive officers (CEOs) were seen as the least threatened by stress. But in today’s tough economy, top executives don’t have as much control as they used to. “Stress is just part of the job, fortunately or unfortunately, stress is part of our character building,” Lebenthal says. “But I think I don’t need any more character building. What I need is a vacation. “ But if you think that going on vacation is hard—and studies show that 85% of corporate executives don’t use all the time off they’re entitled to. Being able to handle stress is perhaps the most basic of job expectations. So among the corporate elite, succumbing to it is considered a shameful weakness. Stress has become the last affliction that people won’t dare admit to. Most senior executives who are undergoing treatment for stress—and even many who aren’t—refused to talk on the record about the topic. “Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this,” one CEO said through his therapist.

46． What is this passage mainly about? A．Increasingly serious lack of work places. B．The second-biggest disease in the world.

C．The most serious problem people have to face.

D．Increasingly serious stress faced by working people.

正确答案：D 解析：主旨题。文章由霍夫穆紧张的情况谈起，讲述了压力疾病在急剧增长。欧共体今年正式把压力称为欧洲面临的第二大职业卫生问题。普遍认为缺乏控制是一个最大的职业紧张性刺激，所以它在过去常常被认为是中层经理们首当其冲得的病。压力成了人们最后一个不敢承认的苦恼。因此，正确答案是D“压力问题日趋严重”。A“日趋严重的工作场所缺乏”与文章无关。B“世界上第二大疾病”也与原文不符，因为文章说“欧共体今年正式把压力称为欧洲面临的第二大职业卫生问题”，但不是第二大疾病。C“人们面临的最严重的问题”也不具体。

47． What does the sentence “He is far from alone” mean? A．Haughom does not feel lonely though he lives by himself. B．There are many other people who are addicted to stress.

C．Haughom lives far from the workplace where he works by himself.

D．Haughom does not feel lonely even though he stays at the Professional Renewal Center by himself.

正确答案：B

解析：句意+上下文理解。从文章上下文可以看出，这句话的意思是得这种压力疾病的并非霍夫穆一人，许多中层经理、高级经理都面临着压力的威胁，所以正确答案是B。A是说霍夫穆虽然是一个人生活，但并没有说他孤独，“alone”的意思是“独自一人”。C“霍夫穆离他独自一人工作的办公室很远”曲解了原文的意思，而且“far from”在文中的意思是“远远不”，而不是“远离”。D与

文章不符。

48． What is the European Community’s attitude toward stress? A．Stress is a disease that people should try to handle. B．Stress has great influence on working people’s lives. C．Stress is one of the most serious occupational diseases. D．Stress is a major problem all the people face.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。文章第二段最后一句话“欧共体今年正式把把紧张称为欧洲面临的第二大职业卫生问题”，说明压力是最严重的职业病之一。因此，正确答案是C。A“压力是人们应该设法应付的一种疾病”不正确，因为原文指出，压力是一种职业病，而不是普通人得的病，况且这也不是欧共体的态度。B也不是欧共体的态度。D“压力是所有人面临的一个主要问题”也不完全正确，紧张不是每个人都面临的，而是职业者容易得的一种病。

49． Why are middle managers regarded as the most threatened by stress? A．Because they don’t have as much control as they used to. B．Because they are not able to handle stress.

C．Because they have little power over the situation in the company. D．Because they need more character building.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。文章第三段指出，普遍认为得不到控制是一个最大的职业紧张性刺激，所以它在过去常常被认为是中层经理们首当其冲得的病——他们夹在顶层上司和下层职员之间，而最终几乎没有什么权威。这说明中层经理对公司局势没有什么权力。因此，正确答案是C。A与原文不符，文中指出，总经理已不像以往那样对局势有更大的权力。B“他们无法应付压力”在文章中没有提到。D“他们更需要性格发展”也与原文无关。

50． The CEO’s statement in the last sentence of this passage implies that______.

A．stress has become the last taboo that people won’t dare admit to B．succumbing to stress is considered a shameful weakness C．corporate elite have no enough courage to admit to stress

D．being able to handle stress is the most basic of job expectations

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。文章最后一段指出，在公司的掌权人物当中，屈从于压力被认为是丢脸的缺点。大多数正治疗压力疾病的高级经理们不愿意让人把他们对这一话题的谈话记录在案。一位总经理通过他的治疗专家说：“让你的名字像这样记录在案没有任何好处。”这位总经理的话暗示了压力成了人们最后一个不敢承认的禁忌。所以，正确答案是A。B是文章指明的，而不是暗示。C“公司经理没有勇气承认他们的压力”并不是暗示，也说明不了什么问题。从这位总经理的

话中，我们无法推断出D。

Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

It may be necessary, in order that future【C1】______can enjoy clean air, that more of the【C2】______is borne by long-term central government fund As air pollution varies enormously from place to place and can, indeed, be very local, it may also be necessary for the central government to【C3】______money so that local authorities can【C4】______special local problems. That these can be significant was shown by the report made in 1970【C5】______behalf of the London Boroughs Association. This【C6】______that in central London since 1958 smoke concentrations have decreased by 80 percent, whereas sunshine has increased by 70 percent and winter visibility has【C7】______threefold. There have been【C8】______in mortality and hospital admissions【C9】______with air pollution and in the response to it of bronchitis, as well as clear if less documented increases in plant types and bird【C10】______in the cities.

51． 【C1】 A．habitats B．inhabitants C．inhabitant D．inhabit

正确答案：B

解析：A项habitat(s)是可数名词，指的是动物的“生活环境，栖息地”。如：Asia is the habitat of the tiger．亚洲是老虎生活的自然环境所在。D项inhabit是动词，意为live in。C项inhabitant指的是生活在一个地区的“居民”，本题中应用inhabitant的复数形式，指地球上居住的人，所以B为正确答案。

52． 【C2】 A．fee B．tuition C．cost D．charge

正确答案：C

解析：bear一词有“提供；负担费用”的意思。在这四个选择中，fee常指“为获取某种资格或所负担的费用”，入场费、学费、会员费等都可用fee。tuition一般专指“学费”。也可说tuition fee。而cost常指购物或办一件事所需的“费用，价钱”。charge可用作名词，也可当“费用”讲。但这里用C最为合适。

53． 【C3】 A．allocate B．assign C．amass D．attract

正确答案：A

解析：A项allocate一词常指为专门项目的“拨款”；assign指的是“分配(任务)”；amass指的是“积累(财富)”。从句意看，用A最为合适。

54． 【C4】 A．see B．watch C．meet D．look

正确答案：C 解析：meet有“处理，解决”问题的意思。相当于英文的deal with或handle。这一句中谈的是“当地的特殊问题”，所以应该用meet，其他三个词不含meet的这个意思。

55． 【C5】 A．in B．at C．on D．to

正确答案：C

解析：这里是短语的固定结构，只能用介词on。on behalf of的意思是“代表”。

56． 【C6】 A．reviewed B．revolved C．revealed D．regained

正确答案：C

解析：reviewed意为“复习；检查”；revolved意为“旋转”；revealed指的是“披露”事实；regained是“重新收回，复得”的意思。根据上下文的意思，此处应用C。

57． 【C7】

A．improved B．shared C．added D．proved

正确答案：A

解析：A项improved意为“提高，改进”，B项shared意为“分享，分担”，C项added“增加”和D项proved“证实”虽都是动词，但与上下文的意思不吻合。根据题意，这里应选A。

58． 【C8】 A．abduction B．deduction C．conduction D．reductions

正确答案：D

解析：这一句讲的是“死亡率下降”，应该用reduction这个词。abduction尤指“拐骗”妇女儿童，也指“绑架(kidnapping)”；conduction指的是“传导”；deduction的意思是“从总数中减去”，多用于工资或费用中。

59． 【C9】 A．associated B．concerned C．tied up D．involved

正确答案：A

解析：A项associated(with)意为“和联系在一起的”；B项concerned(with)意为“和……有联系的；参与”；C项tie意为“捆，系”；D项involved(with)指的是“与……联系或来往”。根据题意，这里应选A。

60． 【C10】 A．spacious B．spades C．species D．spices

正确答案：C

解析：A项spacious是形容词，意思是“宽敞，广阔”。B项spades意为“铁锹”或扑克牌中的“黑桃”。C项species指的是生物学中的“种，类”，如：The Origin of Species《物种起源》。而D项spice指的是有强烈刺激味的佐料，如姜粉：辣椒或咖喱等。这句中讲的是鸟类的种类，即kinds of birds，应选C。

Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

61． China’s active participation in international institutions creates more chances to bring cooperation on key issues. Moreover, China now brings more resources and influence to the table. Beijing’s lead role in addressing the Korean nuclear crisis is one such example. American leaders should encourage the expansion of such cooperation to other security problems, in order to manage mutual threat perceptions and build trust on both sides. Such efforts will be critical to stabilizing a bilateral relationship most noted for its ups and downs. For the next two decades, China’s primary focus will remain internal, on its numerous domestic problems. After all, the continued economic and political modernization of the world’s most populous country is no small task. China’s top political leaders have deemed the next 20 years a strategic opportunity to develop their country. But an opening exists for the international community as well, and U. S. policymakers should use it wisely, to address the challenges and opportunities created by China’s rise.

正确答案： 中国对国际机构的积极参与创造了更多在重要议题上进行合作的机会。还有，现在中国提交讨论更多的谋略和影响。北京在处理朝鲜核危机中所扮演的领导作用就是一个明显的例子。美国领导人应鼓励将类似合作扩展到其他安全问题上，以控制双方的敌意并建立双边信任关系。中美两国关系一直起伏不定，这样的努力对于稳定两国关系至为关键。 在未来20年，中国的注意力仍主要集中于内部，忙于处理众多国内问题。毕竟，对于这个世界上人口最多的国家来说，继续进行经济、政治现代化不是件轻而易举的事。中国最高政治领导人将未来20年视为国家发展的战略机遇期。对国际社会来说，这同样是个好机会，美国的决策者应该明智地利用这一时间，用来处理中国的上升所带来的机遇和挑战。

Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

62． You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “Competitions and Social Development”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:(1)竞争已成为现代社会的突出特征。(2)竞争对于社会发展的积极作用。(3)结论。

正确答案： Competitions and Social Development Competition has become a noticeable feature of modern society. Its influence, both helpful and harmful, on the social development is great. Generally speaking, competition brings prosperity to society. By giving reward to the high-achievers and eliminating the losers, the society can run more efficiently and in better order. Also, competition emphasizes the capability of the individuals regardless of their class background, wealth or power. As a result, competition not only promotes social mobility, but also strengthens the idea of equality of opportunity. But it cannot be denied that unfair competition is still prevalent in many sectors of our society. The exertion of the

political power and parental influence turn out a big obstacle to further development. So, what is called for urgently now is a fair and open environment for competition. Only with that can our country achieve faster progress and generate more prosperity in the international competition.