名词性从句 （四）同位语从句
陈维金
同位语从句
1. 跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。
常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion, suggestion, order, demand, wish等.
2.英语中引导同位语从句的词有:
连词that，whether;
连接代词what，who;
连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
3、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
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他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
4. 同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义，不可省。
Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.
消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的。
It’s the question how he did it.
问题是他如何做这件事的
5. suggestion，order，request，proposal(提议，建议)，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation(建议)等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“（should+）动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。
She made a request that the doctor (should)be sent for at once.
她请求立即请医生来。
6.在have no idea之后用wh-引导同位语从句.
I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
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I have no idea what he did.
练习。把下列两个简单句合并成一个复合句。
1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.
→The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.
→________________________________________________________________________
3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.
→________________________________________________________________________.
4. Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.
→________________________________________________________________________
5. Chinese students should be given more free time./
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The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.
→_________________________________________________________________________
同位语从句练习
( ) 1. The fact ________ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
( ) 2. The fact ________ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
( ) 3. The news ________ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
( ) 4. His suggestion ________ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
( ) 5. I have no idea ________ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D. /
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( ) 6. I’ve come from the government with a message ________ the meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
( ) 7. The thought ________ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
( ) 8. The order ________ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
( ) 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient’s fear ________ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
( ) 10. He often asked me the question ________ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
( ) 11. Along with the letter was his promise _________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which
B. that C. what
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D. whether
( ) 12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
( ) 13. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ________ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
( ) 14. Information has been put forward _________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
( ) 15. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _________ has been put forward.
A. what B. that C. when D. as
补充知识
★一、区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：
1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.
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2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.
归纳： 1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等 2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“….的” 3. 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。 The news that our team has won the game was true. 同位语从句
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 定语从句
The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 同位语从句
判断:定语从句or同位语从句
1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
_______________________
2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to
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help the other groups. _______________________
3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. _______________________
4.The news that we got last week is true. _______________________
5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one. ______________________
二、that / what的辨用
1.__________ he wants is a book.
2. _________ he wants to go there is obvious.
3.We should pay attention to __________ the teacher is saying.
4.He told us ___________ he felt ill.
5.The result is __________ we won the game.
6.This is ____________ we want to know.
7. I have no idea __________ he did that afternoon.
8.The fact____________ she works hard is well known to us all.
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归纳： 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。 三、whether与if的辨用
1.Whether it is true remains a problem. ___________从句
2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true. ___________从句
3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony. ___________从句
4.It depends on whether we have got enough money. ___________从句
5.The question is whether you should accept it. ___________从句
6.The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is important. ___________从句
7.I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. ___________从句
8.I don’t know whether/if it is right or not. ___________从句
归纳： - 9 -
1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用； 2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether； 3.在whether… or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能换成if 练习：用if / whether填空
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
3.___________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
4.It hasn’t been decided____________ we shall attend the meeting.
5.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question
__________ the old man will recover soon.
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8. I don’t know _______ to go or to stay at home.
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