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智慧城市时空大数据云平台建设技术大纲研究

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2019年6月第17卷第6期doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4623.2019.06.009

地理空间信息GEOSPATIAL INFORMATIONJun.,2019Vol.17,No.6智慧城市时空大数据云平台建设技术大纲研究

郝利娟1,刘冬枝2

(1.内蒙古自治区航空遥感测绘院,呼和浩特 赛罕 010010;

2.自然资源部重庆测绘院,重庆 401120)

摘 要:基于智慧城市时空大数据与云平台建设技术大纲要求,研究支持智慧城市时空基础设施建设的核心与框架内容,为加强顶层设计、有序推进时空基础设施建设提供有益参考。关键词:智慧城市;时空大数据;云平台

中图分类号:P208 文献标志码:B

文章编号:1672-4623(2019)06-0033-03

为切实贯彻落实好党和的战略规划与工作部署,根据任务分工,原国家测绘地理信息局在前期全国数字城市地理空间框架建设成果和近2 a智慧城市空间基础设施试点经验的基础上,通过对比2015年版技术大纲,修改、完善,形成2017版

[1-2]

2两版技术大纲对比

与 2015 版大纲相比,新版大纲有2个特点。一是

突出大数据,提出着力丰富时空大数据,构建智慧城市建设所需的时空数据资源。二是与国家发展战略紧密结合,要求智慧应用优先围绕空间规划、生态文明审计、“多规合一”等进行平台建设和应用示范,促进科学、高效、可持续的城市发展,差异对比如表1。

表1 2015版技术大纲与2017技术大纲(报批稿)差异对比编号1

主要建议题目:突出大数据结构:精简结构,

删除大众已知内容背景:增加党和领导人,以及部级协调工作组最新要求任务:增加《任务分工》中对测绘的

任务安排思路:扩充时空基准建设思路

2015版智慧城市时空信息云平台建设技术

大纲8章+ 3附录

2017版智慧城市时空大数据与云平台建设 技术大纲去掉概念1章和3个附录,精简为

7章增加习总讲话等最新的背景情况增加《任务分工》对测绘的任务要求增加了对时空基准建设的思路

,突出了

时空大数据及时空信息云平台这两项重点任务,从而进一步明确目标,加快推进智慧城市时空基础设施试点的建设,加强与其他部委智慧城市工作的衔接,全面支撑智慧城市建设,保障我国新型城镇化战略实施。

1新型智慧城市及时空基础设施

1.1 新型智慧城市概念

新型智慧城市是以信息化创新引领城市发展转型,全面推进新一代信息通信技术与城市发展融合创新,提高城市治理能力现代化水平,实现城市可持续发展的新途径、新模式、新形态。新型智慧城市体现创新协调绿色开放共享五大发展理念3,以城乡一体、人与自然一体的“绿色协调”发展作为长远目标;以“创新一体化机制”作为推进建设的基本思路;以“人为中心”作为建设的基本内涵;以信息数据等社会资源“开放共享”作为基本原则;以“分级分类”作为推进建设的基本方法;以“安全可控”作为推进建设的新要求。1.2 时空基础设施核心建设内容

时空基础设施

[4]

[]

2

3

缺乏

456

缺少不够

用词:更贴切国家时空信息基础设施,时空基础设施,时

文件要求时空信息大数据空大数据大数据:体现众源汇聚和大数据分析挖掘能力,体现

智慧云平台:增加知识服务能力,体现智慧,加强与大数据

联系平台应用:增加对专业平台要求应用示范:扩充典型示范要求

碎片化生硬集成

增加公共专题数据和数据引擎,实现全空间一体化;增加分析挖掘功能增加知识引擎、知

识服务增加专业平台要求增加4项典型示范

要求

7

是指带有时间和地理空间特征的

8

基础地理信息、公共管理与公共服务涉及的专题信息,及其采集、感知、存储、处理、共享、集成、挖掘分析和泛在服务所涉及之、标准、技术、机制及运行环境的总称。其设施内容可归结为时空基准、时空信息云平台、时空大数据、支撑环境。其中,时空基础设施核心建设内容是时空大数据及时空信息云平台。

收稿日期:2017-06-13。

910

缺少

缺少缺少

·34·地理空间信息第17卷第6期

3任务、定位与作用

3.1 任 务

时空基础设施和地理空间框架是“三定方案”对测绘地理信息部门赋予的重要职责。根据《新型智慧城市建设部际工作组2016-2018年任务分工》规定,测绘地理信息部门的任务是为指导各地开展智慧时空基础设施建设及应用,具体包括开展时空大数据和时空信息云平台构建,并鼓励其在城市规划、国土资源开发利用、市政建设与管理、生态文明建设及公众服务中的智能化应用。研究制定相关行业标准及技术规范,完善评价指标体系,并参与联合开展的年度评价工作。

随着数字城市地理空间框架

[5]

升级成为智慧城市

时空基础设施,要实现“四个提升”:一是空间基准提升成为时空基准;二是基础地理信息数据库提升成为时空大数据;三是地理信息公共平台提升成为时空信息云平台;四是支撑环境由分散式服务器集群提升为集约式云环境。相比地理空间框架中基础地理信息数据库和地理信息公共平台分别部署在不同网络环境,信息交换需跨网摆渡,时空基础设施中的时空大数据及时空信息云平台可部署在统一云环境中。3.2 定 位

综合国内外智慧城市的认识和建设实践

[6-7]

,尽

管运作方式、建设内容和解决问题等存在差异、各具特色,但其体系框架具有共性。智慧城市建设的典型结构包括:感知层、网络层、公共数据库、公共设施、公共信息平台、智慧应用与用户层、制度安全保障体系和标准保障体系。

时空基础设施核心内容在通用结构中的位置分别是:时空大数据蕴含在公共数据库层,是其他信息空间化的基础;时空信息云平台是公共信息平台层的重要组成,是基础性平台;支撑环境中的云环境依托公共设施层,支撑环境中的安全保障和标准规范等包含在制度安全保障和标准保障体系中。3.3 作 用

时空基础设施既是智慧城市不可缺少的基础性信息资源,又是信息交换共享协同应用的载体,为其他信息在三维空间、时间交织的思维环境中提供时空基础,从而实现基于统一时空基础下的布局规划、分析决策。

4目标与原则

4.1 目 标

在数字城市地理空间框架上,依托城市统一云支撑环境,实现向智慧城市时空基准、大数据及时空信

息云平台的提升,来建成智慧城市时空基础设施,并开发空间规划、“多规合一”、自然资源资产离任审计和城市地理市情监测等专业平台及应用系统,为试点城市智慧城市的时空基础设施的应用积累经验。在此基础上,总结凝练智慧城市时空基础设施建设管理模式、技术、运行机制、应用服务模式和标准规范及法规,编制全国智慧城市时空基础设施建设方案,为智慧省区和智慧中国时空基础设施建设奠定基础。4.2 原 则4.2.1 开放性原则

云平台的体系构架是开放的。用户可以分享资源,包括计算、存储、网络、开发接口及软件服务;也能把用户的上述服务能力迅速部署至平台。4.2.2 继承性原则

数字城市地理空间框架建设已经融入了云计算服务理念和思想。从数字走向智慧,特别在初级阶段, 具有云计算条件的城市,可以迁移至该环境;未具备条件的城市,可以采用虚拟云计算环境。4.2.3 安全性原则

部署在非涉密网络环境中计算、存储、数据资源应不涉及保密内容和事项,否则需经国家有关部门进行统一的保密处理。

4.2.4 智能化原则

云平台通过丰富资源特征库、需求知识库,建立知识化引擎,提升平台功能的个性化定制能力和大数据挖掘分析能力,实现知识服务。4.2.5 重点性原则

测绘地理信息部门应把建设重点放在时空大数据和时空信息云平台,示范应用宜求精不求多,要体现跨部门协同和智慧的特点。

5时空大数据及时空信息云平台

5.1 时空大数据

集成基础地理信息数据,建立地上下、室内外、虚实一体化的全空间;汇聚智能感知实时数据、公共专题数据和空间规划数据,并将其时空化,形成时空大数据及其管理分析系统。

在完成基础地理信息、公共专题数据基础上,优先开展空间规划数据及智能感知实时数据的建设,其范围和数量应根据本地的信息化基础、应用需求和智慧城市顶层设计,逐步丰富。5.2 时空信息云平台

时空信息云平台以数据服务DAAS、软件服务(功能服务)SAAS、平台服务(接口服务)PAAS、基础设施

第17卷第6期郝利娟等:智慧城市时空大数据云平台建设技术大纲研究

能化、高效化、实时化、泛在化和便捷化。7.2 典型领域

·35·

服务IAAS和知识服务KAAS为核心,构建服务资源池,形成服务引擎、业务流引擎、地名地址引擎和知识化引擎,通过这种云服务系统,为各种业务提供按需服务。

可在如下方面开展智慧应用示范,如空间规划、自然资源资产离任审计、“多规合一”、市情监测等重点工作;海绵城市、地下管廊、信息惠民等重大工程;国土资源、城市规划、城市管理、警用平台、防灾减灾、公共安全、市场监管、旅游服务等重要领域;智慧交通、智慧医疗、智慧教育、智慧社区等民生方面。

6支撑云环境

6.1 全市统一云环境建设的集约模式

对于原有系统要进行迁移,主要为应用迁移和数据迁移。应用迁移的内容包括现有正运行的相关业务应用,其中对暂时无法迁移的应用,应及时进行改造并迁移;数据迁移为现有本部门服务器中存储的数据, 对异构数据应按照统一要求,进行数据结构的改造并迁移。6.2 全市虚拟云环境建设的过渡模式

以现有的数字城市地理信息公共平台支撑环境为基础,进行升级改造,将新建的基础平台和数据库都部署于此环境中,各部门负责本部门的业务系统建设,通过政务网分布式调用时空信息云平台的服务。在时空信息云平台已经具有的功能和服务,业务系统不得重复建设。6.3 云环境要求

云环境的虚拟化能力、存储能力、计算能力应根据本地信息化条件和应用规模,充分考虑技术发展,应不低于原各专题应用部门的能力水平。

8结 语

新版大纲充分体现了国家在新型智慧城市建设部际协调任务分工方面的要求,凝炼了数字城市地理空间框架建设的成果和智慧城市时空信息云平台建设的试点经验,更具指导性和可操作性。

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7平台应用及示范

7.1 示范要求

试点应坚持需求导向实现信息共享、业务融合。在建设实施过程中,可采用多元化建设运营模式,在城市统筹领导下,由示范应用部门牵头,云平台建设与运维单位配合共同实施。解决原有系统在未接入实时信息时所存在的问题和不足,着重突出智

(上接第28页)

3)地表温度与植被覆盖度呈明显负相关,植被覆盖度越高,地表温度越低。保持植被覆盖率,将有效缓解热岛效应。

4)水体或被水体包围的区域温度更容易形成绿岛,水体对缓解城市热岛效应起有效作用。

[4] [5] [6]

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第一作者简介:胡毅佳,硕士,工程师,主要从事地理信息处理及遥感解译等工作。

·IV·GEOSPATIAL INFORMATIONIndex(Vol.17,No.6)

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Research on Artificial Reclamation and Urban Heat Island Effect of Guangxi

Coastal Area by HU Yijia object, and then generated a dynamic-scene mask for later fusion. We generated HDRI of static-scene by weighted fusion, while generated HDRI of dynamic-scene by LDRI with the best well-exposure of the region. Finally, we utilized Poisson image fusion algorithm to smooth the transition zone, and obtained a “ghost-free” HDR image with balanced luminance and more details. Compared with the existing algorithms, the innovation of this method is based on the object classification and more controllable than the traditional pixel-level algorithms.Key words HDR, object segmentation, optical flow, motion judgment, fusion (Page:1)Research on the Automatic Design Method of Chart Sheet by DONG JianAbstract To solve the existing problems such as high subjective and low efficiency in traditional chart sheet design procedure, we analyzed the type and design principle of chart sheet, and summarized the relative parameters of chart sheet design. And then, we used the basic mathematics methods of geodetic coordinate system transformation and projection calculation in chart sheet design procedure to put forward a chart sheet automatic design algorithm, which realized the automatic transform of scale and sheet specification based on given sheet parameters.

Key words chart sheet, design, sheet parameter, calculation (Page:6)Analysis and Evaluation of Economic and Environmental Coordination of Wuhan City Circle by PAN ChenlingAbstract Based on land use status, population survey, economic statistics, we developed a ecological environment analysis and evaluation information platform of Wuhan city circle, and designed some modules, such as statistical analysis, index evaluation, decision support etc. Then, according to district and county units, we analyzed the relevance and coordination of population, economy and ecological environment of Wuhan city circle. This study is of great significance to master the “two-oriented” social construction of Wuhan city circle, and can provide important decision reference for the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment of Wuhan city circle.

Key words Wuhan city circle, ecological environment, information platform (Page:10)

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Key words land resources, big data, data model, data integration, linkage update (Page:29)

Research on the Smart City Spatio-temporal Big Data Cloud Platform

Construction Technology Outline by HAO LijuanAbstract According to the requirements of the Smart City spatio-temporal big data and cloud platform construction technology outline, we summarized the core and framework content of the spatio-temporal infrastructure construction to support the construction of Smart City. This study can provide a useful reference for strengthening the top-level design and promoting the spatio-temporal infrastructure construction in an orderly manner.

Key words Smart City, spatio-temporal big data, spatio-temporal information cloud platform (Page:33)

Research on the Development and Evolution of Geographical Information Industry by WU HouqingAbstract As an emerging high-tech industry, geographical information industry in China has been prospering for years. Zhejiang Province is a developed area, which socialist market economy started early, and has rapid development, high operation quality and sound market order. The construction of Zhejiang Province

Geographic Information Industrial Park, represented by Deqing Geographical Information Town, has begun to take shape and is in line with the strategic positioning of Zhejiang Province industry. Thus, we put forward some thoughts on how to develop the geographical information industry in Zhejiang Province under the new normal era.Key words evolution rule of industrial structure, geographical information industry, developmental strategy (Page:36)Compiling Method for Land Resources Classification Data of the Natural Resource Balance Sheet by CHEN QingAbstract Based on the first national geographical conditions census results, we researched the difference and the transformation thinking of land resources

classification system in geographical conditions census and the natural

resource balance sheet. And then, we brought out a technical route which used geographical conditions census results to compile land resources classification data of the natural resource balance sheet. This method can provide a good reference for the compiling of land resources stock of the natural resource balance sheet. Key words compilation of land resources classification data, geographical conditions census result, the natural resource balance sheet (Page:39)Mapping Key Technology of Based on Geographical Information Frame Database by HUA YeAbstract With the combination of cartography and geographical information

technology, the map application and mapping technology are facing a huge

change. The computer aided cartography that has been used for many years is change into automatic database mapping. The database constituted by various spatial and attributes data of geographical information is major data source for various maps and geographical information products. In this paper, we studied the key technologies and mainstream implementation method of map automatic output used by ArcGIS and Mappublisher.Key words geographical information frame database, comprehensive selection of POI, interactive technology of database and desktop output system, cartographic rule base (Page:42)

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