1.illustrate v. 说明, 阐明, 图解, 配图 The company's bank statements illustrate its success. 这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。 This diagram will illustrate what I mean. 这个图表可说明我的意思
She decides to use charts and diagrams to illustrate. 她决定用图表来说明。
Let me illustrate. 让我举出这样一个例子来 illustrate by facts 用事实说明
Illustrate five of your words. 图解你的五个单词 The publisher will illustrate the book . 那个出版商将给这本书配图。 illustrated adj. 有插图的
illustrative adj. 解说性的,说明性的
illustration n. 1.（书、杂志等中的）插图, 图表, 图案 例证, 实例; 说明, 图解, 图示
Here is another illustration: 这是另外一个例子。 Acting or serving as an illustration. 作为解释说明的 Take an airline as an illustration. 以航空公司为例子. 2.distinct adj. 截然不同的; 清晰的,明显的
Those two ideas are quite distinct.这两个主意完全不同。 Gold is distinct from iron.金在性质上不同于铁。 There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English. 你的英语口语有明显的进步。
His pronunciation is quite distinct.他的发音非常清楚。 It is distinct that smoking is harmful to health. 很明显, 抽烟对健康有害。 a distinct image 清晰的图像 distinct improvement 明显的改进
distinction n. 明显差别,特征; 卓越,优秀; 荣誉,奖赏 I can't see any distinction between these two cases. 我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。 He is a writer of real distinction. 他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
He has gained a distinction in various fields of scholarly studies.他在多种科学的学术研究中享有盛名。 the main distinction 主要区别 a nice distinction 细微的差别
A diplomat of distinction. 一位卓越的外交官 an essential distinction 本质差别
3.majority n. 大多数 半数以上; 超过的票数; 法定年龄 成年
The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书收藏在楼上。
The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的大部分损害容易补救。
The draft resolution was adopted by a majority of 128. 这项提案以超过128票的多数获得通过。 She has reached her majority.她已达到法定年龄。 She has reached her majority.她已达到法定年龄。 a slender [narrow] majority 微弱的多数 an overwhelming majority 绝大多数 *be in the majority属多数；占多数
Publishing houses where women are in the majority. 妇女占多数的出版社。
major adj. 较大的 主要的 严重的 n. 少校 专业 主修科目 vi. 〈美〉主修 专攻
There are major and minor principles in everything, and the minor principles are all subordinate to the major.
事情有大道理, 有小道理, 一切小道理都归大道理管着。 They suffered some major setbacks during the fighting. 在这次战斗中, 他们遭到了严重挫折。
The car needs major repairs.这辆汽车需要大修。 The major ordered his men to fall in at once. 少校命令他的士兵立即集合。
Mathematics is my major. 我的专业是数学 Are you majoring in English Literature? 你是在专修英国文学吗?
4.ministry n. (的)部; 牧师职位；神职任期 (US=department) The Ministry has resigned. 内阁辞职了。 Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部 the Ministry of National Defence 国防部 The ministry of preaching. 布道的神职 He is training for the ministry. 他正在接受培训,准备做牧师。
牧师: blackcoat churchman minister pastor priest minister n. ,大臣; 外交使节; 某些新教教会的牧师 (US=secretary)
the prime minister 首相；(内阁)总理 Minister of Defence 国防大臣
the Minister of F-Affairs (=F-Minister) 外交 5.adventure n. 冒险活动; 冒险经历; 奇遇
All the children listened to his adventures with eager attention. 孩子们注意力十分集中地听他讲他的冒险经历。 The trip to Afghanistan was an adventure for Helen. 到阿富汗旅行对海伦来说是一次冒险的经历。
Stories of adventure thrilled him . 探险小说使他神情激动。1
He is full of adventure. 他富有冒险精神。 Adventure travel is becoming very popular. 探险旅游正在盛行起来。 v. 冒险
No man would adventure it.没有人敢冒险做这种事。 Those explorers gallantly adventured on unknown seas. 那些探险家们大胆地在陌生的海域探险。 6.make a live
Most people are so busy making a living that they forget to make a life. 大多数人忙于求生,而忘了真正的生活! 7.percentage n. 百分率, 比率 Television attracts a large percentage of the people. 电视吸引了大部分观众。
What is the percentage of nitrogen in air? 空气中所含的氮的比例是多少? What percentage of children were absent? 缺席的学童占百分之几?
The figure is expressed as a percentage 那数字是以百分比表示的. a percentage of 5 百分之五
the percentage of greenery coverage 城市绿化覆盖率 percent 百分比,百分数;百分之一 be hundred-percent sure 有十分把握
Genius in one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的努力. Fifteen percent discount to you. 给您打八五折。 cut down by ten percent 减少百分之十 a 97 percent cure rate 治愈率达97%
8.boom n. v.激增,猛涨; 兴隆,迅速发展,繁荣昌盛 发出隆隆声，轰鸣，轰响
Business is booming.生意日趋繁荣。
He is booming as a teacher.作为一位教师, 他日趋成功。 The guns boomed.大炮隆隆作响。 The boom has created job opportunities. 经济繁荣创造了就业的机会。 The new aircraft creates a sonic boom. 那种新飞机会产生声震。
9. 柬埔寨Cambodia; 泰国Thailand 越南Viet Nam 老挝Laos 缅甸Burma (东南亚)
10. 巴基斯坦Pakistan(南亚) 巴勒斯坦Palestine(西亚) 11.Korea(高丽)是南北朝鲜的统称。
1948年南北分开成立以后，各持有正式名称： 朝鲜：(DPRK)
the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea(north Korea) 韩国：(ROK)(South Korea)
the Republic of Korea(south Korea) 12.racial adj. 人种的, 种族的
They have long been involved in a campaign for racial equality.长期以来他们一直致力于争取种族平等的运动。 They have the same racial type. 他们有相同的种族类型。 We should have racial pride.我们应该有种族优越感。 He spoke out against racial discrimination. 他声言反对种族歧视。
racial differences; racial discrimination/prejudices. 种族差异；种族歧视。 racial equality 种族平等 racial conflict 种族冲突
race 1.人种, 种族类, 族2.(速度)比赛, 赛跑; 竞争;.赛马会 Marathon (race) 马拉松赛跑 hurdle race 跨栏跑 a dragon-boat race 赛龙船 motorcycle race 摩托车比赛 arms race; armament race 军备竞赛
Australian race 澳大利亚人种 the black race 黑种人 the human race 人类 mixed race 混血人种 v. (使)参加比赛快速移动; 快速运转
I'll race you home. 我和你比赛看谁先到家。
He raced his car across the desert.他开车驶过那片荒漠。 Let's race to see what is happening. 咱们跑去看看发生了什么事情。
13.apply “应用”、“运用”、“适用” “涂, 敷” apply to…(适用于); apply…to…(把…应用于…) We decided to apply a new method. 我们决定使用新方法。 In this way we can better apply theory to practice. 这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。 The rule doesn’t apply in all cases. 此规则并非适用于所有的情形。 The book does not apply to beginners. 这书不适合于初学者。
These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习。
Apply medicine to his wound. 在他伤口上涂药。
apply“申请” apply for(申请得到); apply to do(申请做某事) apply to...for... (向...申请...)
You may apply in person or by letter. 你亲自或通过书信申请均可。
More than 30 people applied for the position. 有30多个人申请这个职位。
He applied to stay there. 他申请留在那儿。 (比较以下两同义句：) 去年他申请入党。
正：Last year he applied to join the Party.
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正：Last year he applied for membership in the Party. He applied to us for help. 他向我们求援。 They applied to the government for financial help. 他们向申请经济援助。
apply apply oneself to (专心致力于，专心从事)，(to 是介词) He applied himself to his work. 他专心工作。
She applied herself to learning English. 她专心学习英语。 Apply your mind to your work. 专心工作吧。 apply的派生词: applicable adj. 适用于
This rule is not applicable to foreigners. 这条规则不适用于外国人。 applicant n. 申请者(可数) There are three applicants for the job. 有三个人申请这项工作。
application n. 申请(不可数)；申请书(可数)； 使用，应用 ，适用(可数或不可数)： Application must be made this afternoon. 申请必须在今天下午提出。
It’s of very wide application. 它的适用范围很广。 We received 60 applications for the job. 对这项工作我们收到60个人的求职申请
14.custom n. 习惯, 风俗; 个人习惯,习性；光顾,惠顾 It is the custom of foreigners to do so. 这种做法是外国人的习惯。
It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously... 他习惯谨慎地处理每一个问题。 We would like to have your custom. 我们欢迎您的惠顾。
Providing discounts is not the only way to win custom. 打折并不是招揽顾客的唯一途径。 customs 关税; .海关
He walked through customs.他步行通过海关
A customs union comprising Belgium and Netherlands and Luxembourg.比利时、荷兰和卢森堡三国关税同盟。 We clear customs. 我们就去通关。
They are collecting customs. 他们正在收缴关税 The camera cleared customs. 相机通过海关了。 At the customs counter. 在海关柜台 customer n. 顾客,客户,用户 15.ocdur v. 发生,出现,存在; 被发现; 被想起
I hope this won't occur again.我希望不要再发生这种事情。 Silver occurs natural.银是天然存在的。
When did the earthquake occur? 地震是什么时候发生的？ The word “gratitude” did not occur in his words. “感激”两字在他的话中是见不到的。
It never occurred to me that he would become a K.C. 我从来也不会想到他能成为一名王室法律顾问。 Did it occur to you to close the window ? 你有没有想到关窗户？
His name did not occur to my memory. 我记不起他的名字了。
16.indicate v. 指出,标出,表明,暗示
A survey of retired people has indicated that most are independent and enjoying life.
对退休人员的调查表明，大部分人都自食其力，享受生活。 This indicates whether remedies are suitable for children. 由此可以看出治疗方法是否适合儿童。 Mr Rivers has indicated that he may resign... 里弗斯先生暗示他可能会辞职。 He indicated a chair. 'Sit down.' 他指着一把椅子说，“坐下。”
Dreams can help indicate your true feelings. 梦可以反映你的真实感情。
The needles that indicate your height are at the top right-hand corner.显示你身高的指针在右上角。 indicator n. 指针,指示器, 转弯指示灯; 方向灯 指示物,指示者.指示信号 indication n. .指示, 表示; 象征, 迹象 Did he give you any indication of his feelings? 他向你表示了自己的感情了吗?
17.apparent adj.显然的, 清晰可见的, 表面上的 His guilt is apparent to all.他的罪恶尽人皆知。 His anxiety was apparent to everyone. 大家都能看出他的焦虑。 The apparent truth was really a lie. 表面上看似实话, 实际上是个谎言。 It is obvious/apparent/clear that…很显然…… apparent shoreline 显而易见的海滨线 18.fascinating adj.迷人的,吸引人的
The changing vivid colors of the sunset are really fascinating. 日落时变化多端的色彩确实使人心醉神迷。 Your ideas are fascinating to me. 你的这些主意对我来说是有吸引力的。 fascinate
Her beauty fascinated every boy. 她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。 The snake fascinated its prey. 这条蛇震慑住了它要捕食的动物。
fascination n. 迷恋,着迷; 魅力;有魅力的东西 He found great fascination in her quiet, frank manner. 他迷恋她娴静、坦率的举止。
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He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport. 他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。
She completely forgot her shyness in her fascination with what he was saying.他的话使她入了迷，完全忘记了羞怯。 Stamp collecting holds a certain fascination for me 我特别喜爱集邮.
Old churches have a certain strange fascination for me. 旧教堂对我具有某种奇特的魅力。 19.take in 欺骗; 使上当
The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies. 这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。 If you trust him, you will certainly be taken in. 如果你相信他, 你一定会受骗。 领会; 理解
I wonder if he's really taking it in. 我想知道他是否真正明白了。
The lecturer had the feeling that a good deal of what he said had not been taken in by the students. 演讲人觉得他说的许多话学生都没有领会。 接待; 收留
He had nowhere to go, so I took him in. 他无处可去, 所以我收留了他。
My house is full; I can't take in any more guests. 我的房子已客满, 不能再容纳更多的客人了。 包括
The study of physics takes in many difficult subjects. 物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。 吸入
The boat is taking in water! 船进水啦! 改小;改短
The coat is to large for me. I had to had it took in. 20.nowhere adv. 无处, 哪里都不
The poor has nowhere to live.这个可怜的老人无处可住。 There's nowhere else I really want to go to. 没有别的地方是我真正想去的。
That kind of talk will get you nowhere.说那种话对你没好处。 Five dollars goes nowhere now.现在五美元买不到什么东西。 Such methods will get you nowhere. 这些做法不会有什么结果。
She rose to fame out of nowhere.她莫名其妙地就出名了。 Nowhere have I seen your bike.我从未见过你的自行车。 21.mourn 哀悼 The couple mourned for their dead child. 这对夫妻哀悼死去的孩子。 She mourned the loss of her brother.
她因为失去了哥哥而悲痛。 mourn a deceased friend 哀悼亡友 mourn for a dead friend 悼念亡友
21.civil adj. 公民的 国内的 民用的 民间的 civil war 国内战争、内战 civil law 民法 civil case 民事案件 civil servants 公务员 enjoy civil rights 享有公民权 Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部 22.authority n.权威；权力；学术权威； 行政管理机构; [复数]当权者(authorities)
A policeman has the authority to arrest lawbreakers. 有权逮捕犯法的人。
He has the authority for handling this matter. 他有权力处理这件事。
A good dictionary is an authority on the meanings of words.一本好词典是词义的权威。
The prison authorities have been criticized for not moving more quickly to end the protest by inmates.
监狱当局因没有尽快采取行动制止犯人而受到批评 The new building must be financed by the local authority. 新大楼的建筑资金必须由地方当局提供。 the Health Education Authority.卫生教育局
23.grasp n.v. 抓紧,握牢,握紧; 掌握,控制; 理解；领悟；明白
He grasped both my hands.他紧紧抓住我的双手。 She was trying to grasp at something. 她正试图抓住什么东西。
His hand was taken in a warm, firm grasp. 他的手被热情地紧紧握住了
The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis. 当局还没有意识到这场危机的严重性。 He grasped that Stephen was talking about his wife. 他明白斯蒂芬在说他的妻子。
She allowed victory to slip from her grasp. 她让胜利从手中溜走了。
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Unit2 cloning
1.differ vi. 不同 有异 持异议
Nylon and silk differ.尼龙与丝绸不同。
Virus particles differ in shape. 病毒颗粒有不同的形状。\\ The two brothers often differ. 他们兄弟俩常常发生分歧。 Opinions differ on this matter. 对这件事各人看法不一。 differ in length 长短不一
Opinions differ from each other. 不同的人更是见仁见智。 He often differs from me in opinion.他常与我意见相左。 different adj. 不同的, 差异的 difference n. 差别, 差异; 差距, 差额
2.exact adj. 精确的, 准确的; 严格的, 严谨的
Please give me your exact age.请把你的确切年龄告诉我。 His memory is very exact; he never makes mistakes. 他的记忆非常准确, 从不出错。
Accountants have to be very exact.会计必须十分严谨。 exact date 具体日期 to be exact确切地说
an exact definition 确切的定义 the exact figures 精确无误的数字 An exact speaker. 一个严谨的演讲者 3.identical adj. 同一的;.完全同样的 She wore the identical dress on both occasions. 在两种场合穿的是同一件衣服。 identical views清一色的看法
The opinions are identical. 意见完全一致。 Your appearance is identical to hers. 你的相貌和她的一模一样。
My opinion is identical with yours. 我的意见和你的相同。 The copy is identical with/to original. 这件复制品与原件一模一样。 4.commercial adj..商业的, 商务的 I work for a commercial radio station. 我在一家商业广播电台工作。 His new record is much too commercial. 他的新唱片太商业化了。 commercial bank 商业银行 commercial college 商专 commercial crisis 商业危机 commercial center 商业中心 commercial value 商业价值 commercial morality商业道德
commerce n.(指国际间的）贸易；商业；商务 They drew up plans aimed at expanding commerce. 他们拟定了发展商业的计划。
Electronic Commerce 电子商务与网络财务 retail commerce 零售商业
Future Commerce Pattern——Internet Electronic Commerce 未来的商务模式——Internet电子商务 Commerce and Industry Bureau 工商局。
Industry and commerce are flourishing. 工商业很发达。 5.complicated adj. 复杂的, 难懂的
This is the most complicated case I have ever handled. 这是我所处理过的最为复杂的案子。 Life is so complicated.生活是如此复杂。
English grammar is very complicated. 英语语法非常复杂。 A complicated or involved process. 错综复杂的过程 Chopin aroused very complicated emotions in her. 肖邦的乐曲唤起了她极其复杂的感情。 complicate v. 使复杂化
These events will greatly complicate the situation. 这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。 There is no need to complicate matters. 没有必要使问题复杂化。
complication n. 使更复杂化的事物 ; 并发症 6.undertake v. 担任,从事,负责,保证; 着手,开始 I want you to undertake all the responsibility. 我要你承担所有的责任。
I'll leave you to undertake an important mission. 我要让你承担一项重要使命。 The lawyer undertook the case. 该律师承办这个案子。
He undertook the leadership of the team. 他担任了这个团队的领导。
If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality, we will undertake to replace them.
如果设备达不到议定的规格质量, 我们将负责调换。 We can't undertake that you will make a profit. 我们不能保证你会获利。 He undertakes a dangerous job. 他从事一项危险的工作。
Their team will undertake exploration for oil. 他们队将着手进行石油勘探工作。
undertaking n. （重大或艰巨的）任务，项目，事业；企业 He associated himself with his friend in a business undertaking.
他与朋友合伙经商。
He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking. 他太胆小,不敢从事任何事业。
7.pay off 有了回报; 取得成功,奏效; 付清; 对…进行报复
(付清工资后)解雇
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John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A.
约翰在考试前努力学习, 这没有白费, 他得了个A。 You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.
你必须还清旧账, 然后才能再借款。 All his debt was paid off with cash. 他所有的债务都是用现金付清的。 They are usually paid off at weekends. 他们一般在周末领工资。 The boss paid off the employees. 老板付清雇工工资后解雇了他们。
The hired hands were paid off at the end of the harvest season. 收割一结束, 雇工们就被结清工钱解雇了 I'll pay him off for treating me like that. 他这样待我, 我早晚要报复的。
Did your daring plan pay off?你那项大胆的计划成功了吗? 8. breakthrough n.突破点, 突破性进展, 重要的新发现 Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.科学家在治疗那种疾病方面已有突破。 a medical breakthrough 医学上的突破 break through 突围，突破
Break through all restraint 冲破一切束缚
break through the enemy's defences 突破敌人的防线 9.altogether adv. 总共; 完全地
The noise has altogether stopped.吵闹声完全停止了。 I don't altogether agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法。
I'd like to have 100 sheets altogether.我一共想要100张。 Altogether, our achievements are very great. 总而言之, 我们的成绩是很大的。 not altogether wrong 不完全错
Smoking should be banned altogether. 应该完全禁止抽烟。 10.object n.物体; 对象,客体; 目标; 宾语
What are those strange objects?那些奇异物体是什么? The building is the main object of his interest. 他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。 Our object is to get at the truth. 我们的目的是弄清事实。 direct object 直接宾语 a visible object. 可见物体 subject and object 主体与客体 v.不赞成, 反对; ; 以…为理由反对 He did not object.他没有反对。
I will not wear this dress if you object to it. 如果你不喜欢这件衣服，那我就不再穿它了。
They objected to me on personal grounds. 他们出于个人的原因反对我。
I don't object to a glass of beer.我不反对喝杯啤酒。 I object to its smell.我讨厌它的气味。 We objected to leaving in such a hurry. 我们反对这样匆忙地离开。
Do you object to my speaking to him about it? 我去和他谈谈这事, 你有意见吗? I don't object to the children going with us. 我不反对孩子们和我们一道去。 They objected that the plan was risky. 他们反对说, 这项计划是冒险的。
It may be objected that not enough manpower is available. 有人可能会提出反对, 认为没有足够的人力可用。 objection n. 反对,异议,厌恶; 反对的理由 objective n. 目标 目的 adj. 客观的 不带偏见的 11.impact n. 碰撞,冲击; 影响,作用
The computer had made a great impact on modern life. 计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。 A speech that lacked impact. 毫无影响力的演说 a movement back from an impact. 受到撞击后所产生的向后的运动。 impact strength 冲击强度 v. 碰撞,冲击; 影响,作用
These costs will impact on our profitability. 这些费用会影响到我们的利润。 impact the moon 在月球着陆 impact national income影响国民收入
a meteor that impacted on the moon撞在月球上的一颗流星 12.conservativeadj. 保守的 守旧的 传统的
The professor's a radical in politics but a conservative dresser. 教授在政治上是激进派, 但衣着却很守旧。
The young man is very conservative.这个年轻人很守旧。 conservative ideas; conservative thinking ; 保守思想 conservative point of view 保守观点 A conservative estimate. 保守的估计 conserve v. 保护, 保藏, 保存；节约，节省 Conserve your energy, you'll need it! 保存你的精力, 你会用得着的！
He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper. 他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。
The country starts carrying out new laws to conserve wildlife in
the area.该国开始实施新的法令保护这一地区的野生动物。 conservation n. 保存 保护 conservator n.保护者,(博物馆的)管理员
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13.forbid v.禁止, 不准 forbid sth. /doing sth./ sb’s doing forbid sb. to sth. I forbid you to call me late at night. 我禁止你在深夜给我打电话
His father forbid him entering into a bingo hall. 他父亲禁止他去宾戈游戏厅。 They forbid any ships to enter the water. 他们禁止任何船舶进入这片水域 We forbid shouting loudly in the office. 我们不允许在办公室大声喧哗。
14.compulsory adj. 必须做的 强制性的 义务的 必修的 Which subjects are compulsory in your school? 在你们学校里，哪些课程是必修的？ compulsory service system 义务兵役制 compulsory education 义务教育
The car insurance is compulsory.这项汽车保险是强制性的。
Attendance at the meeting is compulsory.会议是必须参加的。 Education is compulsory between the ages of 6 to 15. 6岁至15岁的孩子接受强制性教育。 15.owe v. 1.欠…债; 应当给予 He paid me the ten dollars he owed me. 他已还了欠我的十美元。
You still owe so much debt.你还欠这么多债。 You owe yourself a holiday.你应该休息一天。 2.应把…归功于，起因于，起源于
He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life. 他把他身体健康归功于运动和有规律的生活。 I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe. 亏得你我才大难不死。 3.感激
He gave me a lot of help. I owed much to him. 他给我许多帮助, 我非常感激他。 16.be bound to 注定 一定会 束缚于(bound是bind的过去分词)
She is bound to her family.她被家庭束缚住了。 He is bound to succeed in his enterprise. 他在事业上一定会成功。 It's bound to work. 保证能行!
The aggressors are bound to be defeated.侵略者一定会被打败
17.assumption n. 假设 A valid assumption. 一个有效的假定
Such assumption arise from some common basis of life. 这样的假定来自于共同生活的基础。
Assumption of an obligation. 承担一项义务
assume v. 假设, 猜想; 假装; 承担, 担任; 采取, 呈现 We can't assume anything in this case. 在这种情况下我们不可能做出假设。 He assumed a look of innocence. 他装出一副天真无邪的样子。
I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 我错了，我愿为此承担责任。 We assumed a new method. 我们采取了一种新方法。 assume office 就职
assume full responsibility 负完全责任 assume a pose.摆姿势
assume a new aspect 呈现新的面貌
We assume his guilt . 我们假定他是有罪的。 18.regulation n. 管理 控制 规章 规则 river regulation 河道整治 theory of regulation 调节原理
When will the new regulation come into effect? 新的规章什么时候开始生效？
The regulation has no application to this particular case. 那项规则不适用于这一特定情况。 a general regulation of enrollment 招生简章 Comply with company's management regulation. 遵守公司的各项管理规定
regulate v.控制, 管理; 调整; 调节
19.vain 自负的, 爱慕虚荣的; 徒劳的, 无用的, 无效的 She is one of those vain people who never take others' advice. 她属于那种自负得从不听别人劝告的人。
I don't like a vain woman.我讨厌爱慕虚荣的女人。 He's very vain of his abilities.他对于自己的能力很自负。 He made a vain attempt to reach the drowning child. 他试图接近那个快淹死的小孩, 但没有成功。 All my efforts were vain.我的一切努力都白费了。 It is vain to resist.抵抗是没用的。 20.adore v. 1.崇拜;热爱；爱慕（某人） They adored her as a living goddess. 他们把她当作活女神崇拜。 adore gods 崇拜神灵 adore each other 相互爱慕 2.非常喜欢
You will adore this film. 你将十分喜欢这部电影。 She adores visiting museums. 她非常喜欢参观博物馆。
I would adore to settle back homeland.
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我非常喜欢回家乡定居。
I adore ice cream. 我非常喜欢冰淇淋。 admire v.赞赏 钦佩 仰慕; 称赞 夸奖 We admire his working so hard.我们钦佩他工作努力。 Don't forget to admire the baby.不要忘了夸奖那孩子 We admire his capacity. 我们羡慕他的工作能力。 admire the moon 赏月
Life is beautiful , admire it . 生活是美丽的,赞美它吧。 I greatly admire your honesty. 我非常欣赏你的诚实
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Unit3 inventors and inventions
1.patent n. 专利, 专利权; 专利品 The patent runs out in three years' time.这项专利期限为三年。 He owned several patents.他拥有几项专利发明。 adj.专利的；显然，显露；明摆着的 Try some of this new patent medicine. 试试这一种新的专利药品吧。
This was patent nonsense.这明显是胡说八道。 a patent lie.赤裸裸的谎言 v. 获得…专利，给予…专利权；
He patented the idea that the atom could be split... 他获得了“原子可以再分”这一概念的专利权。 The invention has been patented by the university. 那项发明已被那所大学申请了专利。
a patented machine called the VCR II.名为VCR II的专利机器
patent rights 专利权 apply for a patent 申请专利 2.distinguish v. 辨别, 分清; 显扬自己
Can you distinguish the twins apart?你能分辨这对双胞胎吗? We can distinguish between gold and silver.我们能区分金和银。
He distinguished himself in physics.他在物理方面享有盛名 distinguish oneself in battle 战功卓著 distinguish truth from falsehood 识别真伪 distinguish between truth and falsehood 辨明真伪 distinguish good from evil 分别善恶 distinguish between right and wrong 分清曲直 distinguished adj. 卓越的;著名的; 高贵的； distinguishing adj. 有区别的 distinguishable adj. 可区别的,可辨别的 3.merciful adj. 仁慈的,宽恕的 a merciful judge仁慈的法官 merciful treatment仁慈的待遇
The merciful king saved him from death.宽大的国王免他一死。
mercy n. 宽容, 怜悯, 仁慈; 幸运之事, 恩惠
We do pray you to show mercy.我们恳求你发发慈悲。 It's a mercy the accident happened so close to the hospital. 幸亏车祸发生在离医院很近的地方。 That is a mercy 那真是幸运!
at the mercy of 任由…摆布；在…面前无助 He drifted in an open boat, at the mercy of the elements. 他在一敞篷船中漂泊，任由暴风雨摆布 have mercy on (或 upon) 宽恕；对…有怜悯之心
May god have mercy on her soul. 我的上帝，宽恕她的灵魂吧。
throw oneself on someone's mercy 特意恳求（某人）宽恕 leave someone/thing to the mercy of 听任…由（可能有危险或危害的形势）摆布 punish without mercy 严惩不贷
plead for/appeal for/beg for mercy 祈求宽恕 show/give mercy to a prisoner 宽恕罪犯 merciless adj. 无情的,残忍的
4.stainless adj. 不锈钢制的; 无污点的,无瑕疵的 I have a set of stainless knives and forks. 我有一套不锈钢刀叉。
a stainless reputation 无瑕的名誉
Before the recent political scandal, her reputation had been stainless.在最近的政治丑闻之前,她的名声是无懈可击的 stainless steel 不锈钢 stain v. (使)染色
Does this material stain easily?这种料子容易染色吗? Stain the table before you varnish it.
先给桌子着色, 然后才能上清漆。
He stained the wood brown.他给木头涂上了褐色。 White clothes stain quickly.白色衣服会很快弄脏。 His crimes stained the family honor. 他的罪行玷污了家庭的名誉。
5.cube n. 立方形，立方体；立方，三次幂；小房间 The box was cube-shaped.这个箱子是立方形的。 Cut the meat into cubes.把肉切成小方块。 The cube of 3 is 27.= 3cubed is 27. 3的立方是27. A cube of sugar. 一块方糖
A cube has six surfaces. 立方体有六个面。
A cube is a three-dimensional object. 立方体是三维物体。 cubic adj. 立方的 立方体的
cubic meter 立方米 A cubic foot. 立方英尺 6.convenient adj. 方便的 便利的 合适的 附近的 I have to find a convenient location for the shelves. 我得找一合适的地方放这些书架。
May I come and talk with you whenever it's convenient? 在你方便时我能来和你谈谈吗?
Is it convenient for you to go out tonight? 今晚你方便出去吗? It is useful to have a convenient supermarket. 附近有超市实在方便。 at a convenient occasion 顺便
Is Friday convenient for you 星期五对你方便吗？ It is of convenient length. 它的长度合适。 convenience n.方便, 便利; 便利的事物（或设施） The house has all the modern conveniences.
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这栋房屋有各种现代化的设施。 for convenience('s sake )为方便起见 a public convenience 公共厕所 suit your own convenience 悉听尊便
Please come at your convenience. 请在你方便的时候前来。
7.expect v. .预料; 期望; 猜想,认为某事会发生; 怀孕 She expects to fail the exam.她预料无法通过考试。 I expect a storm.我预计会有一场暴风雨。 We expect writers to produce more and better works. 我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。 I expect (that) you are tired from the trip. 我想你旅途劳顿了吧
I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings... 我确实希望晚上能有些属于自己的时间。 Don't expect me to come and visit you there. 别指望我会去那儿看你。 be expecting (a baby) 怀孕
She was expecting another baby. 她又怀孕了。 I hear Dawn's expecting again.我听说唐又怀孕了。 to be expected 完全正常；自然的 He had a few lines about the eyes, but at forty-seven that was only to be expected.他两眼周围有一些皱纹，不过四十七岁
的人了，这也是正常的。
expectation n. 期待；预期；前程；[数]期望值 He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。
His parents have great expectations for his future. 他父母对他的前途深寄厚望。
She was waiting in expectation. 她在期望中等待。 8.recognition n. She hoped she would avoid recognition by wearing dark glasses
and a hat.她戴上墨镜和帽子, 希望人们认不出她来。 Their recognition of the new law is unlikely. 这项新法律不大可能获得他们的承认 gain the social recognition 值得社会承认 She have changed beyond recognition. 她已经变得认不出来了。
recognize 认出, 认可, 承认，意识到 I recognized Mary by her red hat. 我凭玛丽的红帽子认出了她。
We don't recognized him to be/as the lawful heir. 我们不承认他为合法继承人。
He recognized that he was not qualified for a teacher.
他认识到自己没有资格担任教师。
He has not recognized the seriousness of the present situation. 他还没有意识到目前形势的严重。
The company recognized Mr Brown's outstanding work by promoting him to chief accountant.
公司提升布朗先生为总会计师以表彰他出色的工作。 We must recognize this fact. 要承认这个现实。 recognize defeat 承认失败 9.criterion (pl. criteria) 标准; 尺度
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student's
work?你评定学生功课好坏时用什么作标准? design criterion 设计标准 criterion of truth真理标准 lay down a criterion 制定一个标准 This is the first criterion. 这是第一条。 City information must set up criterion system. 城市信息化还必须建立城市信息化标准体系。 What are the criteria for justified wages? 什么是合理的工资标准？ 10.claim v. n. 要求; 主张; 索取 His claim to own the house is valid. 他主张对此屋的所有权有效。 You have no claim on my sympathies. 你无权要求得到我的支持。
I claim payment from my friend.我要求我的朋友付款。 They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease. 他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。
The flood claimed hundreds of lives.水灾夺走了数百人的生命
Now they are returning to claim what was theirs. 如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西。
11.file v. 提出; 提交；发稿，寄给报社; 把……归档 A secretary can file papers as efficiently as a floppy disk can store them. 秘书归档文件时可以像软盘存储一样高效。 They are all filed alphabetically under author. 这些都是按照作者姓名的字母顺序归档的。
A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police.他们中的许多人都对警方提出了正式控告。 n. 文件夹；卷宗
Fran came in holding a blue file. 弗兰拿着一个蓝色的文件夹进来了。
Put this letter in the main file.将这函件放入文卷总档中。 I can't access the file on your company because I've forgotten the code.
我无法读取贵公司的文件, 因为我把计算机的密码忘了。
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on file 存档：
We will keep your résumé on file. 我们将把你的简历存入档案
12.identification n. 认出，辨认; 鉴定, 验明; 认同; 身份证明
The identification of rabies virus has saved many lives. 狂犬病病毒的确认挽救了许多人的性命。
Can I see your identification, please?我能看看您的证件吗? His identification with the hero of the book made him sleepless.
对书中主人公的同情使他睡不着 Identification of Cultural Relics文物鉴定
Students automatic identification management system. 学生到/离校自动识别管理。
identify v. 识别，认出；确定；把……看成一样 . Could you identify your umbrella among a hundred others. 你能从100把雨伞中认出你的那一把吗?
She learned how to identify medicinal herbs from a traditional Chinese doctor.她向一位中医大夫学习如何识别草药。 I cannot identify the signature.我无法辨别这个签名。 Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects... 警方已经确认了约10名谋杀案疑凶。 Never identify wealth with happiness. 千万不要把财富等同于幸福。 Our tastes do not always identify. 我们的情趣并不总是相同的。 identical adj. 同一的;.完全同样的 ID=identification
identity n.1.身份2.个性, 特性3.同一性, 一致性 He had to conceal his identity to escape the police. 为了躲避警方, 他只好隐瞒身份。
The planners decided to preserve their distinct identities. 设计者们决定保留他们各自的特色。 Please note the identities in the two cases. 请注意这两个案子的相同之处。 13.micro- 微小, 微. microphone 麦克风 microbiology 微生物学 microcomputer 微型计算机 microchip 微晶片 microfilm 微型胶卷 microscope 显微镜 microwave 微波, 微波炉 microsecond 微秒 14.dive into: 1.头朝下跳入水中
The swimmer dived into the river to save the drowning child. 这位游泳者跳入河里去营救那个溺水的小孩。 2.开始猛吃; 热切地加入或开始做(某事) Jim dived into the argument as usual without thinking. 吉姆和往常一样不加思考便加入了这场争论。 3.溜进, 闪进(某处) I was following the man when he dived into a small restaurant and I lost track of him.当我正在跟踪那个人时, 他突然闪进 一家小饭馆, 失去了踪影。 4.在…中快速翻找
Diving into her bag, she found a handkerchief just in time. 她迅速地在她的皮包里翻了一下, 正好找到了一块手帕。 He dived his hand into his pocket in an attempt to find the key. 他把手伸到口袋里摸, 试图找到那把钥匙。 15.dynamic adj.有活力的,强有力的; 动力的; 动态的 a dynamic young businessman 生气勃勃的年轻商人 This is a dynamic world.这是一个不断变化的世界。 There is a dynamic ball in the computer. 在电脑里有个动态的球。 dynamic test 动力试验 Trade Dynamic 行业动态
a dynamic young businessman 生气勃勃的年轻商人 dynamics n.动力学、力学; 动态
16.multiple adj.多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的 He died of multiple injuries. 他死于多处受伤。 He excels in multiple-choice questions.他擅长做选择题 A person of multiple interests 兴趣广泛的人 multiple personality 多重人格 n.<数>倍数；[电工学]并联；连锁商店；
The number 8 is a multiple of 4.八是四的倍数。
It made it almost impossible for the smaller retailer to compete against the multiples.
这使得小零售商几乎不可能跟连锁店竞争。 multiply v. 1.乘, (使)相乘
His son is learning to multiply and divide. 他儿子正在学习乘法和除法。
One can make 18 by multiplying 3 and 6 (together). 以3和6相乘可得18。 2.(使)增加
Spending on military equipment has multiplied in the last five years.过去的五年中军事装备的开支大大增加。 His experience was multiplied as the years passed. 随着岁月的流逝, 他的经验丰富了。 3.(使)繁殖
When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster.
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动物在有较多的食物时, 一般繁殖得较快。 Hot weather multiplied the bacteria in milk rapidly. 炎热的天气使牛奶中的细菌迅速繁殖。 multiply…by… …乘… multiply 10 by 4 is 40. 用4乘以10得40 multiplication n.1.增多;增加;乘;繁殖2.乘法 17.current adj. 现在的, 当前的
They suggested measures to overcome current difficulties. 他们提出了克服目前困难的措施。
This word is no longer in current use.这个字已经不再通用了。
.水流, 气流, 电流, 趋势, 倾向
The swimmer was swept away by the current. 那个游泳的人被激流卷走了。
This button switches the current on. 这个电钮接通电流。 The adventure changed the whole current of his life. 那场奇遇改变了他人生的方向。 electric current 电流 current address 目前住址 cold/warm current 寒流/暖流 current of materials 物流
current funds; circulating funds 流动资金 18.stable adj. 稳定的; 安定的；稳固的; 稳重的 We need a stable government.我们需要一个稳定的。 The fields give high and stable yields regardless of climatic circumstances.
不管气候条件如何, 这块地总是保持高产稳产。 This chair isn't very stable.这把椅子不大稳固。 I'm glad she has become such a stable character. 我很高兴她变得如此沉稳。
Mentally she's very stable.她情绪十分稳定 relatively stable 相对稳定
a stable relationship; stable prices.稳定的关系；稳定的价格 a stable government 稳固的政权
Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳定 stable personality 稳重的个性 n. 畜舍，马厩，牛栏 stability n.稳定(性), 稳固
She lacks emotional stability.她的情绪不稳定。 The stability of affairs is very serious.事态非常严重。 19.associate v联系, 联合；结交；参与; 联想 They associate orange with happiness. 人们把橙色和幸福快乐联系在一起。 Never associate with bad companions. 千万不要与坏人为伍。
Don't associate with such people. 勿与此辈来往。
I haven't been associated with the project over the last year. 我去年一直没有参与那个项目。
The press feels the need to associate itself with the green movement. 媒体感到有必要支持绿色运动。
I associate summer with holidays.我把夏季与假日联想在一起
What do you associate with summer对于夏天你有什么联想？
We associate Egypt with Nile .我们想到埃及就联想到尼罗河。
n. 同事；合作人；伙伴
They are my business associate. 他们都是我生意上的同仁 You know the new associate Cary?你认识新同事Cary吗? the most creditable cooperation associate. 最值得依赖的合作伙伴.
association n.协会, 社团: 联合, 结合, 交往 20.version 与edition edition是版本的意思
a new edition of the dictionary 词典的新版本 version强调发生了变化，为译本的意思 These books Chinese versions of Shakespeare.
version 指得是软件升级那个“版本”, 如1.0, 2.0 或者 2001, 2002版
edition 指的是不同层次用户的那个“版本”, 如 家庭版(home edition) ,专业版 (pro edition) ,企业版 (enterprise edition) 21.competent adj. 能胜任的, 有能力的, 称职的 He did a competent job.他的工作做得相当出色。 He is competent to do it.他能做这件事。 He is competent for the task 他胜任这项任务。
He is a highly competent teacher. 他是一个十分称职的教师
A competent typist. 能干的打字员 competence n. 能力, 胜任, 本领 We knew her competence in solving problems. 我们都知道她解决问题的能力
Degree and competence don't guarantee success. 程度和能力并不能保证成功。
22.personnet n.人力资源; 人事部; 全体人员 The personnel are not happy to change these rules. 全体工作人员对改变这些规定很不高兴。 Personnel has[have] lost my tax forms. 人事部门把我的税收表格给弄丢了
Her first job was in personnel.她的第一份工作是人事方面的 If you need help at work, your Personnel Manager should be able to help.
如果你工作中需要帮助，人事经理应该能帮上忙。
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Unit4 Pygmalion
1.classic 与classical classical是“古典的”，classic则表示“经典的，精彩的，一流的”，后者更加强调“优秀”这个概念，而前者无疑是从时间上来定义：
a classic book on history:一本经典/精彩的历史著作 a classical book on history: 一本古典历史名著 2.caption n 标题 说明文字 字幕
I didn't understand the drawing until I read the caption. 直到我看到这幅画的说明才弄懂其意思。 the caption below the picture 图片下面的说明 To furnish a caption for.
给…加标题（或文字说明）；为…配字幕 v. 给（图片、照片等）加说明文字 The photograph is captioned 'People Power'. 配图文字为“人民的力量”。
The book is well written, properly illustrated and excellently captioned.
这本书写得很好，插图生动形象，说明文字简练精辟。 3.plot n.1.故事情节 This is a novel with a complicated plot.这本小说情节复杂。 2.(秘密)计划, 密谋
The police exposed a criminal plot to assassinate the President. 破了一个行刺总统的阴谋。 3.小块地皮
His land is split up into several widely scattered plots. 他的土地被分割成相当分散的几小块 v. 划分 绘制 标出 密谋 设置情节 The surveyor pegged out the plot of land. 测量员们用木桩标出了那块地。 He plotted the position Mary should go. 他给玛丽标出她应去的地方。
They were plotting how to obtain the necessary information. 他们正在策划如何获取必要的情报。
They were plotting how they would assassinate the President. 他们正秘密策划如何暗杀总统。
He plotted his play carefully.他仔细地为他的剧本构思。 He plots better than most novelists.
他设计作品的情节比许多小说作家要好。 4. General 上将 Colonel 上校 Major 少校
Captain 上尉 Sergeant 军士
Private 士兵
5. garment n. (一件)衣服 This shop sells garments of all kinds. 这个商店出售各种衣服。
outerwear; outer garment 外套 An oilskin garment. 防水油布制的服装 measurements of a garment 衣服尺寸
a garment made of fur. 一种由毛皮做成的衣服。 clothes 衣服 永远只能表示复数 cloth 布料 不可数名词
clothing 衣服，服装 是不可数的集合名词a piece of clothing
6.troublesome adj.引起麻烦的, 令人讨厌的, 令人烦恼的 He is a troublesome person.他是一个讨厌的人。 It is a troublesome question.那是一个棘手的问题。 This work is very troublesome.这工作很讨厌。 Teaching seems troublesome to him. 教书对于他来说好像是烦扰的事。
Chinese characters are troublesome to write.汉字很难写。 7.thief 小偷 盗贼复数：thieves The thief was trapped by the police in an old house. 小偷被困在一所旧房子里。 Stop thief! 捉贼!
A master thief.手段高明的窃贼 We ran after the thief. 我们追赶窃 steal 偷 rob 抢 burgle 入室盗窃 robber 强盗 burglar盗贼
8.mistake n. 错误, 过失; 误解, 误会; 口误，笔误 Regardless of how often I correct him, he always makes the same mistake.不管我怎样经常告诫他,他总是犯同样的错误。
You think you're incapable of making a mistake? 你认为你不可能犯错？
there is no mistaking someone or something…不可能被认错
There's no mistaking the eastern flavor of the food. 那种食物就是东方风味，绝对错不了。
There was no mistaking Magda's sincerity, or her pain. 玛格达的真诚和痛苦都绝不可能是假装的。 by mistake 意外地；错误地 She'd left her purse at home by mistake. 她意外把钱包留在家里了。 spelling mistake 拼写错误 evident mistake 明显的错误 Just a mistake. 只是一场误会. record a serious mistake 记大过一次 v.弄错; 误解
You mistook when you thought I laughed at you. 你以为我嘲笑你, 那你误会了。
At first, he thought he had mistaken the address.
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一开始他以为地址搞错了。
You can't mistake his car in the busiest street; he's painted it red.
你在最繁忙的街上不会错认他的车, 他把它漆成了红色。 Don't mistake coincidence for fate.不要把巧合错当成命运。 mistaken adj.弄错的 理解错误的 错误的 a mistaken idea 错误的想法
be mistaken about sth.把某事物搞错了；错怪了人 9.classify v.分类; 归类 区分；界定 把……列为密件 Classify these documents. 将这些文件列为机密。 classify into three grades 分为三等
For convenience, we may classify the stydents into four groups.
为了方便起见，我们可把学生分为四个组。 classify accidents by cause 根据起因将事故分类 classify by sex [age; nationality; locality] 根据性别[年龄; 民族; 地区]分类 Classify them according to their usage. 请根据它们的用途进行分类。
classification n.分类 种类（动植物等的）分类学，分类法 classified adj. 分类的，归类的 (信息)归入密级的,保密的 classified advertisements 分类广告 classified display 分类陈列 a classified document. 机密文件 10. remark n. v.话语, 评论, 谈论, 言辞
She has made outspoken remarks about the legalization of cannabis in Britain.
她对英国关于大麻的立法进行了大胆评论。 In the light of his remarks, we rejected her offer. 鉴于他的评语, 我们拒绝了她的提议。
Mrs. Morse remarked that she seemed a very nice girl. 莫斯太太评论说她像是个好女孩。
I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon... 我说过我那天下午要去购物。
'Some people have more money than sense,' Winston had remarked.某些人钱多但无头脑，”温斯顿曾经评论道。 On several occasions she had remarked on the boy's improvement.她好几次提及这个男孩的进步。 A casual remark. 即席发言
An unconsidered remark.鲁莽的言论 11.betray v. 对…不忠, 出卖; 泄露, 暴露
He promised never to betray the organization. 他发誓永不背叛组织。
He betrayed his own brother.他出卖了他的亲兄弟。 Her accent betrays her a Londoner.她的口音说明她是伦敦人。
Betray a secret. 泄露秘密 betray one's friend 出卖朋友 betray one's country 背叛祖国 betrayer n. 叛徒,背叛者 betrayal n. 泄露; 背叛
12.upper adj. 上边的，上面的，上层的 内陆的；高地的；向北部的 upper house 上院 upper arm 臂膊 upper case 大写字盘 The upper air. 高层空气 the upper lip 上嘴唇
the upper [lower] jaw 上[下]颌 the upper class 上等阶层
13.condemn v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责；
宣布……不能使用；迫使……陷于不幸的境地
We all strongly condemn violence of any sort. 我们强烈谴责任何形式的暴力行为
The united nations is expected to strongly condemn such action.人们期望联合国强烈谴责这种行为
The meat was condemned as unfit for human consumption. 这种肉已被宣布不适宜人们食用。
condemn sth. as worthless 把…贬得一钱不值 The prisoner is sure to be condemned. 这个犯人一定会被判刑。
He was condemned to death / life imprisonment. 他被判死刑/终身监禁。
He felt condemned to being alone. 他觉得自己注定要孤独终老。
Mark was condemned to do most of the work. 马克被迫承担大部分工作。
14.acquaintance n. 相识 了解；相识的人 熟人；知识，心得
We are only casual acquaintances.我们只是泛泛之交。 I have a large circle of friends and acquaintances engaged in photography.我在摄影界交游甚广。
On first acquaintance she is cool and slightly distant. 初次相见时她表现冷淡并有点爱搭不理。
They had little or no acquaintance with philosophy or history... 他们在哲学或是历史方面几乎一无所知。
I have no acquaintance with this book.我不熟悉这本书。 make the acquaintance of ( make one's acquaintance) 结识某人 I first made his acquaintance in the early 1960s... 我与他初次相识是在20世纪60年代早期。 I am so pleased to make your acquaintance, Mr Tweed. 很高兴认识您，特威德先生。
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acquaint v. 使熟悉, 使了解; 通知, 告知 This book acquaints the students with the ancient cultures of Europe.这本书帮助学生了解欧洲的古代文化。 Acquaint him with your plans.把你的计划告知他。 be acquainted with 了解…; 熟知…
15.fortune n. 机会, 运气, 转机; 前途; 命运;
庞大的财富, 巨款
Lacking good fortune. 运气不好
Good fortune favors the brave and courageous. 好运老是宠爱那些英勇的人
He is certainly being smiled on by fortune. 现在他一定是得到了命运的垂青。 That old Gipsy woman tells fortunes. 那个吉卜赛老妇人替人算命。
Fortune smiled on us.命运之神向我们露出了笑脸。 We had to eat out all the time. It ended up costing a fortune... 我们不得不总在外面吃饭，结果花了很多钱。 He made a small fortune in the London property boom. 他在伦敦房产升温的时候发了一笔小财。 He made his fortune in car sales.他靠卖车发了财。 fortunate adj.交好运的, 带来好运的; 幸运的 The lack of good diagnostic test isn't fortunate. 缺乏好的诊断性测试是不利的。 be born under a fortunate star 生来有福 16.authentic adj. 真实的, 真正的, 可信的 This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。 authentic Italian food. 真正的意大利食品 authentic Italian food.真正的意大利食品 an authentic proof 证据确凿 I really go for authentic English tapes. 我很喜欢纯正地道的英语录音带.
It is an authentic work of Qi Baishi. 这是齐白石的真迹。 The narrative is objective and authentic with typical materials. 作者的记录和叙述客观而又真实，材料原汁原味。 17.superior adj. 优秀的; 较高的; 上级的 You're a very superior young woman. 你是一个非常优秀的年轻女性。
He may be capable of jealousy when you have made superior progress in your work.
当你在工作中取得较大进步时, 他也会嫉妒你。 The book is superior to that.这本书比那本书好。 The army was superior in number to its enemies. 在数量上超过了敌人
The superior's measurments are often equally vague. 上级的衡量往往是平均而笼统的。
n. 上级, 长官 John was his direct superior.约翰是他的顶头上司。 He always does what his superiors tell him. 他惟上级之命是从。 (反) inferior
The rank of captain is inferior.上尉的很低。 They sell inferior goods at that store.那家商店卖劣等货。 The food at that restaurant is inferior.那家饭馆的饭菜质量差。
The house is inferior to what I expected. 那房子比我所期望的差。
A good leader should get on well with inferiors. 一个好的领导应当与部下相处融洽
18.antique adj.古董的 古代的 古老的 过时的 She wore an antique gown to the costume party. 她在化装舞会上穿着一件过时的长袍。 This table is antique.这张桌子很古老。 We opened an antique shop together. 我们开设了一家古董店在一起。 n.古董, 古物
The palace is full of priceless antiques. 宫殿里到处都是无价的古玩。
He is a dealer in antique.他是一名古董商。
a genuine antique.一件古董真品
19.referee n. 裁判员 仲裁人
The referee breaks them 裁判员把他们分开了。 serve [act] as referee 担任裁判
The referee blew the final whistle.裁判吹响了终场的哨声。 v. 当裁判
Who is going to referee (the football match? 谁将出任(这场足球赛的)裁判?
20.compromise v.折中解决 妥协, 退让 危害, 损害 They compromised by going to the cinema. 他们采取折中的办法去看电影。
Such conduct will compromise your reputation/fame. 这些举动将会损害你的名誉。
He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles. 他宁愿一打死自己也不愿违背自己的原则。
'Nine,' said I. 'Nine thirty,' tried he. We compromised on 9.15...
“9点。”我说。“9点半。”他试着说。于是我们各让一步，定在 了9点一刻。
n. 妥协；（名誉等的）损害；妥协（或折中）方案；折中物 The spokesman made it clear that no compromise was yet in sight.发言人表明, 目前还不会妥协 reach/make/arrive at a compromise达成妥协
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The government's policy of compromise is not universally popular.的妥协并没有受到普遍欢迎。
21.disgusting adj.令人作呕的, 令人厌恶的 极坏的, 极糟的
What a disgusting smell!多么讨厌的气味！
I think it’s disgusting the way the goverment keeps putting up taxes.我认为不断加税的做法糟透了。 disgusting conduct 恶劣行径 a disgusting performance 丑恶表演
He is disgusting waiting for bus. 他讨厌等公共汽车 He is very disgusting mice. 他非常讨厌老鼠。 The customers are accustomed to the disgusting custom. 顾客们习惯了令人讨厌的风俗.
22.overlook vt.忽视,忽略; 原谅; 监管; 瞭望 Don't overlook the slower students.别忽视后进同学。 How could you overlook paying the rent?你怎么会忘了付房租?
We decided to overlook his mistake.我们决定宽容他的过错。 Please overlook my rudeness. 请原谅我的无礼。 The foreman overlooked a large number of workers. 工头监督着许多工人。
We overlooked the sea.我们俯瞰大海。 Don't overlook maintenance on yourself, either. 也不要忽视对自己的维护。
n.从高处眺望到的景色；忽视，忽略；可眺望四周的高地 23.fade (使)褪去, (使)变弱, (使)枯萎, 逐渐消失 Will the color in this material fade?这种料子褪色吗? The king is fading fast.国王的身体很快就衰弱了 His hopes faded.他的希望破灭了。
Cut flowers soon fade. 剪下来的花朵容易枯萎。 Beauty fade like a flower. 红颜易逝。 fade in, fade out 淡入淡出 fade out 1. 淡出：逐渐消失
2. 渐弱：使逐渐消失。用于电影或电视的图象或声音 fade the signature tune out （广播）使节目信号曲的音量渐弱
fade a conversation in （广播）使对话的音量渐强 The lights on the church began to fade out. 教堂中的灯光逐渐消失。
Fade out the music at the end of the scene. 在这个场景的末尾把音乐逐渐减弱。
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Unit5 meeting you ancestors
1.alternative adj. 两者择一的,可替代的,备用的,其它的; 非传统的,另类的
We returned by the alternative road.我们从另一条路回来的。
There were alternative methods of travel available. 还有其他可选的旅行方式。
They had a right to seek alternative employment. 他们有权另谋高就。
Alternative ways to save on business income taxes. 替代的办法来节省企业收入税
Give me an alternative seat.\" 我要求换位子。 An alternative lifestyle. 一种超越古今的生活方式 An alternative newspaper; alternative greeting cards. 一份观点标新立异的报纸；内容新颖的贺卡 n.可供选择的事物、机会；取舍；
I'm afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police. 恐怕除了向警方告发你以外, 我是别无选择了
The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 除了当俘虏之外, 惟一的选择就是奋战至死了。 What is the alternative? 还有什么选择的余地? Either alternative is correct.
(两种选择中）不论哪一个选择都是正确的。 2.tantative adj. 试探性的 试验的 尝试性的 a tentative programme初步方案 a tentative suggestion 试探性建议 a tentative idea 初步设想 a tentative smile 勉强的微笑 a tentative plan 试验性计划
Each step he took was slightly tentative. 他每走一步都有些迟疑不决。 3.accuracy n. 精确(度), 准确(性) I doubt the accuracy of your statement. 我怀疑你的话的正确性。
He aims at great accuracy.他力求十分准确。 strive for accuracy 力争确切 accuracy of news 新闻真实性 lay emphasis on accuracy 强调精确性 accurate adj.精确的, 准确的 He has made an accurate measurement of my garden. 他准确地丈量了我的花园。
He is always accurate in what he says and does. 他说的和做的总是正确无误。 accurate measurement 精确尺度 accurate judgement 正确的判断
accurate statistics 精确的统计 An accurate scale 精确的天平 The mothed is handy, rapid and accurate. 方法简便、快速、准确。
4.acute adj. 敏锐的,深刻的; 严重的,剧烈的; 急性的; 锐角的
He is an acute observer.他是个敏锐的观察家。 She has acute hearing. 她有很敏锐的听力
Dogs have an acute sense of smell.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。 Sherlock Holmes was a man of acute observation, 福尔摩斯是个观察力敏锐的人,
There's an acute shortage of water.这里严重缺水。 He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的忧郁症。 They think his mother's illness is acute rather than chronic. 他们认为他母亲的病是急性的, 不是慢性的。 acute disease 急症 acute angle 锐角
5.sharpen v.使锐利；使敏捷；加重；削尖; 提高技术/效率 Knives can be sharpened by grinding them against a rough stone.
刀能在一块粗石上磨快。
She needs to sharpen up before next month’s competition. 下个月比赛之前，她的水平需要提高一下。
This exercise will help students sharpen up their reading skills. 这个练习将帮助学生提高阅读能力。 Discipline has sharpened them up. 纪律使他们更有效率了。
We then sharpen our judgment to protect ourselves. 我们就尖锐我们的评断力来保护自己。 sharpened pencils.削尖的铅笔
sharp adj. 锋利的 尖锐的 急转的 陡峭的 突然的 急剧的 轮廓鲜明的 明显的 adv. 准时地 突然地 急剧地 sharper n. 磨具,削
6.messy adj.凌乱的，散乱的；
肮脏的，污秽的；
复杂的，麻烦的，难以应付的
She was a good, if messy, cook. 尽管不爱干净，她还是个好厨子。
As the work tends to be a bit messy you'll need to wear old clothes.这个活儿有点脏，你需要穿旧衣服。
Dad cooks when Mum is busy, he makes me clean up my messy room.
妈妈忙的时候爸爸做饭，他还让我清理我乱糟糟的房间。 Negotiations would be messy and time-consuming. 谈判既麻烦又耗时间。
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John had been through a messy divorce himself... 约翰自己也经历过一次十分棘手的离婚。
a messy account一本烂账 a messy situation 难以对付的局面 mess v.弄脏; 弄乱
Stop messing about and listen to me.别再胡闹了, 听我说。 She messed up her new dress with blue ink. 蓝墨水弄脏了她的新衣服。 n. 杂乱,脏乱; 困境,麻烦,混乱;
乱七八糟的人/事; 脏东西; 粪便
There's a lot of mess to clear up.有许多脏东西要清理。 You look a mess.你外表太邋遢了。 This room's in a mess.这个房间杂乱不堪。
That report you did is a real mess.你写的那份报告乱七八糟。The dog made a mess on the carpet.狗在地毯上大便。 I've made such a mess of my life.我把自己的生活弄得一团糟。
the many reasons why the economy is in such a mess. 经济陷入如此困境的众多原因
She'd got herself into a mess, of which he was certain. 他肯定她已经让自己陷入了困境。 7.primitive adj. 原始的, 远古的, 简陋的
Primitive man made himself primitive tools from stones and bones.原始人用石块和骨头做原始的工具。 He made a primitive boat out of some pieces of wood. 他用几块木头做了艘简易的小船。 primitive tribes.原始部落
The conditions are primitive by any standards. 无论用什么标准来衡量，其条件都很简陋。
The primitive surgery of those days left him virtually deaf in one ear.那时候简陋的外科手术让他一只耳朵几乎失聪。 primitive idea 单纯的思想 primitive society 原始社会
8.significance n.意义, 意思; 重大意义, 重要性 This fact has little significance for us. 这一事实对我们没有什么意义。
They failed to appreciate significance of the precautions. 他们没有意识到这些预防措施的重要性。 far-reaching significance 深远意义 significant adj.重要的, 有意义的, 可观的 This is a significant contribution to knowledge. 这是对知识的重大贡献。
Your success today may be significant for your whole future. 你今天的成功对你的整个未来可能是重要的。
I don't think that is significant.我认为那没有什么用意。 He gave her a significant look.他意味深长地看了她一眼。
A significant event. 重要的事件 A significant smile. 含蓄的微笑
This is globally significant. 这在国际上有重大的意义 9.somehow adv. 1.以某种方式, 用某种方法
We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning. 我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。 2.由于某种未知的原因；不知为什么；不知怎么地 Somehow we lost our way. 不知怎么地我们迷了路。
somewhat adv.稍微；有点；达到某种程度 n.少量；某些数量；某种程度
His answer is somewhat made us disappointed. 他的回答有些令人失望。
Their swimming pool is somewhat deeper than ours. 他们的游泳池比我们的游泳池稍微深一点儿。 He is somewhat embarrassed. 他稍微有点窘迫。
My jacket is somewhat like yours. 我的夹克与你那件有点像。 anyhow adv. 1.不管怎样说, 无论如何, 至少
He told me not to buy it, but I bought it anyhow. 他告诉我不要买它, 但不管怎样, 我还是买了。 2.不论用何种方法, 无论从什么角度 “Well, anyhow, I rang the bell. ”“好吧, 不管好歹, 反正我按铃了。” 3.随随便便地, 杂乱无章地
Her clothes were thrown down just anyhow. 她的衣服随便乱扔。
10.academy n.专科学校,学院; 研究院, 学会
This is an academy of music.这是一所音乐专科学院。2. I visited Chinese Academy of Sciences yesterday. 我昨天去访问了中国科学院。
the Chinese academy of sciences 中国科学院 academic adj. 1.学校的, 学院的
The university is composed of five academic schools. 整个大学由五个学院组成。 2.学术性的
They asked for academic freedom.他们要求学术自由。 3.纯理论的, 不切实际的
That is merely an academic discussion. 那只是一个理论性的讨论 Academic Events 学术动态 academic activities 学术活动
international academic exchanges 国际学术交流活动
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the school [academic] year 学年 an academic thesis 学术论文 an academic authority 学术权威
11.receptionist n.(旅馆、事务所等雇用的)接待员 Ask the receptionist to put your call through to my room. 让接待员把你的电话接到我房间。 The girl is a receptionist of the Beijing Hotel. 这个女孩是北京饭店的前台接待员。
The personnel manager has been casting about for somebody who can act as receptionist.
人事部经理一直在到处物色接待员的人选。
reception n. 接待 接见; 欢迎会; 服务台 问询处; 接收效果 I got an informal reception.我受到了非正式接待。 Thanks for your reception. 谢谢你们的招待。 Is radio reception good in your district? 你所在的地区收音机的接收效果好吗? Reception is good. 收音情况良好。 Have him bring a car round to the reception. 让他把车开到前台来。
the hotel's reception desk.宾馆的前台 Wait at reception for me.在接待处等我。 reception office 传达室 reception committee 接待委员会 reception room 会客室 give a reception 举行招待会 a grand reception 招待会
12. pulse n.脉搏；（电磁波等）脉动；有节奏的跳动（或拍打）
Mahoney's pulse was racing, and he felt confused. 马奥尼脉搏跳得很快，他感到很慌乱
the repetitive pulse of the music.音乐中重复的鼓点 Your pulse is much too quick.你的脉搏太快了 A pulse of current 电流脉冲 v.（心脏）跳动；脉动；搏动；震动
His heart pulsed with excitement.他的心激动得怦怦直跳。It was a slow, pulsing rhythm 那是一种缓缓的律动 13.applaud vt.鼓掌 称赞
The audience warmly applauded when the performance came to
the end.当演出接近尾声时, 观众热烈鼓掌。
They applauded Jack for his courage.他们称赞杰克很有勇气。I applaud for the performance. 我对表演喝彩鼓掌。 I applaud his vision and respect him a lot. 我赞赏他的远见，对他十分尊重。 applause n. 掌声; 喝彩; 夸奖，称赞； thunderous applause 暴风雨般的掌声
Loud applause followed. 随后响起了热烈的掌声 They greeted him with thunderous applause. 他们以雷鸣般的掌声欢迎他 She was received with warm applause. 大家以热烈的掌声欢迎了她。
give sb. applause for 称赞某人的..., 因...而夸奖某人 His speech won prolonged applause. 他的讲话赢得了经久不息的掌声。 14.accelerate v. 加速, 促进
The car suddenly accelerated.汽车突然加速。 Our country should accelerate the economic growth. 我国应加快经济增长。 accelerate the process 加快过程 accelerate the reform 加快改革
Working out regularly will accelerate your metabolism. 有规律的运动会促进你的新陈代谢。 15.arrest v.逮捕,拘捕; 制止,阻止; 吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留 停止；中止 Policemen have authority to arrest lawbreakers. 有权逮捕犯法者。
A driver uses brakes to arrest his car's speed. 司机用刹车降低车速。
The sufferer may have to make major changes in his or her life to arrest the disease.
患者可能必须对生活习惯作出重大调整以控制病情。 Her earnest manner arrested me. 她那种热忱的态度引起了我的注意。 You are under arrest. 你被捕了。 attract attention 吸引注意力 arrest a suspect 逮捕嫌疑犯 16. date back 回溯至
Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century. 牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。
The history of humanity may date back to the Ice Age. 人类历史可以追溯到冰川时代。
My family has a vase, which is said to date back to Ming Dynasty. 我家有个花瓶，据说是从明代传下来的。 17.worship vt.崇拜，尊崇；爱慕 vi.做礼拜；热爱；爱慕；崇拜（尤指达到看不到缺点的地步） I enjoy going to church and worshipping God. 我喜欢去教堂做礼拜。
She had worshipped him for years.她仰慕他已有多年。 They wanted us to worship them like gods. 要我们把他们当成神来崇拜.
Don't talk while you are worshipping.你们做礼拜时别讲话。
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A miser worships money.守财奴崇拜金钱。 I WORSHIP...... 我崇拜……
n.（对治安官或的尊称）阁下；尊敬；崇拜；礼拜 the worship of the ancient Roman gods 古罗马诸神的敬奉 St Jude's church is a public place of worship. 圣犹大教堂是做礼拜的公共场所。 nature worship 对自然的崇拜
house of worship礼拜堂，教堂 Money worship 拜金主义 A place of worship 拜神的地方 worshipper 礼拜[崇拜,爱慕]者 18.craftsmanship n.技巧;技术 a very high standard of craftsmanship很高的工艺水准
bowls made with elegant craftsmanship工艺精美的碗 The work is perfect in craftsmanship.这副作品工艺完美。 We admired the superb craftsmanship of the furniture. 我们很欣赏这个家具的一流工艺。
craft n.工艺 手艺; 行业 职业; 诡计 手腕; 小船 船 innocence of the craft of writing 对写作技巧的一无所知 the craft of making fireworks.制造烟火爆竹的技术。 knitting craft编结工艺
craft [horizontal] union 同业工会
She is a woman full of craft. 她是一个诡计多端的女人。 space craft 空间飞行器
landing craft 登陆艇
The harbour is filled with craft. 海港充斥着许多船只。
vt.手工制作；精巧地制作
Many delegates were willing to craft a compromise. 很多代表都想要制订出一个周密的折中方案 Many delegates were willing to craft a compromise. 很多代表都想要制订出一个周密的折中方案 craftsman n..工匠;手艺人 the real mark of a master craftsman 一位工艺大师的真正标志
He was an apprentice to a master craftsman. 他是一位能工巧匠的徒弟。
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