实验八、路由器RIP-1 配置
一、 实验目的
1. 掌握动态路由的配置方法 2. 理解 RIP 协议的工作过程
二、 应用环境
1. 在路由器较多的环境里，手工配置静态路由给管理员带来大的工作负担 2. 在不太稳定的网络环境里，手工修改表不现实
三、 实验设备
1. DCR-1751 三台 2. CR-V35FC 一条 3. CR-V35MT 一条
四、 实验拓扑
五、 实验要求
ROUTER-A S0/3 (DCE) 192.168.1.1/24 F0/0 192.168.4.1/24
ROUTER-C F0/0 192.168.2.2/24 F0/1 192.168.3.1/24
ROUTER-B
S0/2 (DTE) 192.168.1.2/24 F0/0 192.168.2.1/24
六、 实验步骤
第一步：参照实验三，按照上表配置所有接口的IP 地址，保证所有接口全部是up 状态，测试连通性
注意：为测试连通性，要删除PC上“本地连接2”的默认网关，并关闭卡巴斯基。 第二步：查看ROUTER-A 的路由表 Router-A#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
DHCP - DHCP type VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/3 ！直连的路由
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 ！直连的路由 第三步：查看ROUTER-B 的路由表 Router-B#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2 DHCP - DHCP type VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/2
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 第四步：查看ROUTER-C 的路由表 Router-C#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2 DHCP - DHCP type VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 第五步：在ROUTER-A 上PING 路由器C Router-A#ping 192.168.2.2
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes .....
--- 192.168.2.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss ！不通 第六步：在路由器A 上配置RIP 协议并查看路由表 Router-A_config#router rip ！启动RIP 协议
Router-A_config_rip#network 192.168.4.0 ！宣告网段 Router-A_config_rip#network 192.168.1.0 Router-A_config_rip#^Z Router-A#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2 DHCP - DHCP type VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/3
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
注意到并没有出现RIP 学习到的路由。
第七步：在路由器B 上配置RIP 协议并查看路由表 Router-B_config#router rip
Router-B_config_rip#network 192.168.1.0 Router-B_config_rip#network 192.168.2.0 Router-B_config_rip#^Z
Router-B#2004-1-1 00:15:58 Configured from console 0 by DEFAULT Router-B#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2 DHCP - DHCP type VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Seria0/2
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.3.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on Serial1/0) ！从A 学习到的路由 第八步：在路由器C上配置RIP 协议并查看路由表 Router-C_config#router rip
Router-C_config_rip#network 192.168.2.0 Router-C_config_rip#network 192.168.3.0 Router-C_config_rip#^Z Router-C#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP
D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.1(on FastEthernet0/0) C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
R 192.168.4.0/16 [120,2] via 192.168.2.1(on FastEthernet0/0) 第九步：再次查看A 和B 的路由表 Router-B#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2 DHCP - DHCP type VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on FastEthernet0/0) R 192.168.4.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on Serial0/2) Router-A#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected D - DEIGRP, DEX - external DEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2 DHCP - DHCP type VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2(on Serial0/3) R 192.168.3.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2(on Serial0/3) C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 ！注意到所有网段都学习到了路由 第十步：相关的查看命令
Router-A#show ip rip ！显示RIP 状态 RIP protocol: Enabled
Global version: default( Decided on the interface version control ) Update: 30, Expire: 180, Holddown: 120 Input-queue: 50
Validate-update-source enable No neighbor
Router-A#sh ip rip protocol ！显示协议细节 RIP is Active
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 30 seconds ！注意定时器的值 Invalid after 180 seconds, holddown 120 update filter list for all interfaces is: update offset list for all interfaces is: Redistributing:
Default version control: send version 1, receive version 1 2 Interface Send Recv FastEthernet0/0 1 1 2 Serial0/3 1 1 2
Automatic network summarization is in effect Routing for Networks: 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.4.0/24
Distance: 120 (default is 120) ！注意默认的管理距离 Maximum route count: 1024, Route count:6
Router-A#show ip rip database ! 显示RIP 数据库 192.168.0.0/24 directly connected FastEthernet0/0 192.168.0.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.1.0/24 directly connected Serial1/1 192.168.1.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2 (on Serial1/1) 00:00:13 ！收到RIP 广播的时间 192.168.3.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2 (on Serial1/1) 00:00:13 Router-A#sh ip route rip ！仅显示RIP 学习到的路由
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2(on Serial1/1) R 192.168.3.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2(on Serial1/1)
七、 注意事项和排错
1. 只能宣告直连的网段 2. 宣告时不附加掩码
3. 分配地址时最好是连续的子网，以免 RIP 汇聚出现错误
八、 配置序列
Router-B#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: !
!version 1.3.2E
service timestamps log date service timestamps debug date no service password-encryption !
hostname Router-B ! ! ! ! ! ! !
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast !
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast !
interface Async0/0 no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast ! !
router rip
network 192.168.2.0 network 192.168.1.0 ! !
!
九、 共同思考
1. 为什么 B 没有配置RIP 协议时，A 没有出现RIP 路由？ 2. 如果不是连续的子网，回出现什么结果？ 3. RIP 的广播周期是多少？
十、 课后练习
将地址改为 10.0.0.0/24 这个网段重复以上实验
十一、 相关命令详解
router rip
使用router rip 全局命令来配置RIP路由进程，no router rip 则关闭RIP路由进程。 router rip no router rip 参数 无 缺省
系统缺省不运行 RIP。 命令模式 全局配置态 使用说明
必须先启动 RIP，才能进入路由配置态，才能配置RIP 的各种全局性参数，而配置与接口相
关的参数则不受是否已经启动RIP 的。 示例
启动 RIP 并进入路由配置态。