课下作业（一） 考点过关针对练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He didn't just command (发号施令)．He personally fought in several heavy battles.
2．Next time I'm going to talk about how these different diverse (多种多样的) documents were included in his new book.
3．When the president addresses (对……发表演讲) to the nation, he often chooses his words very carefully.
4．She still corresponds (通信) with American friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.
5．The facts proved her assumption (假设) wrong. 6．The troops are being gradually withdrawn (撤离)．
7．His nationality isn't relevant (紧密相关的) to whether he is a good lawyer.
8．Every month I spend a lot of time classifying (分类) books. 9．Peru has abundant (丰富的) plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.
10．They refused to acknowledge (承认) that they were defeated. 11．Would it be possible to make an early appointment (预约) to have my hair cut tomorrow?
12．You should evaluate (评估) your chances of success before making a decision.
13．We have set off the fire alarm (警报) and have nothing to do but wait. 14．She was trying to comb (仔细搜索) some useful things out of the tangle.
15．The children's television programme aims at a specific (特定的) age group.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond with what was actually said.There are a lot of mistakes.
2．The plan was_abandoned (abandon) when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
3．This type of university course is no longer relevant to today's problem. 4．The classification (classify) of diseases is a bit complicated. 5．He displayed thorough competence (competent) in dealing with the issues.
6．Square the page off with your ruler, then you'll be able to copy the drawing accurately (accuracy)．
7．The parents did not seem particularly well qualified (qualification) to cope with the crying child.
8．There're several effective ways to engage students in the evaluation (evaluate) of their own learning.
9．But for your timely help, I might have_failed (fail) in the final examination.
10．Stand on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．As mentioned earlier, users can be classified as four different categories: light, medium, heavy, and power.第二个as→into 2．It bothers to me that they weren't willing to accept my plan.去掉第一个to
3．He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land.built前加be
4．Actually, all of us desire to achieve success, but sometimes our actions don't correspond what we desire.correspond后加with
5．Although I have no hopes of ever skiing that way, I do dream of living with the abandon.去掉the 6．Give me a chance, I will give you a wonderful surprise.I前加and 7．That is universally acknowledged that water is indispensible to us.That→It
8．Topics for conversation should be relevant with the experiences and interests of the students. with→to Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The boss commanded that the young man (should)_finish_his_work in an hour.
老板命令这个年轻人一个小时内完成这项工作。
2．His designs, for the most part, correspond_with the actual needs. 他的设计在绝大多数情况下都符合实际需要。
3．Cui Jian is_universally_acknowledged_as the pioneer of the rockandroll of Chinese mainland.
崔健被公认为是中国摇滚乐的先驱。
4．You should remember it, and_what's_more,_you should get it right. 你应该记住它，更重要的是，应该正确理解它。
5．Listen_to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_can't_catch what he is saying.
上课认真听老师讲，否则你就会听不懂他所讲的。 6．But for the storm, we should_have_arrived_earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。
7．While in trouble, you can turn_to_her_for_help. 遇到麻烦的时候你可以向她求助。
8．The Smiths dropped_in_on_some_old_friends on their vacation trip to New York.
史密斯一家去纽约度假时顺道拜访了一些老朋友。
课下作业（二） 话题阅读培优练
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Singapore is planning to cut off web ❶access (访问；进入) for public servants as a defense against potential cyber attack — a move closely watched by critics who say it marks a retreat (倒退) for a ❷technologically (technology) advanced citystate that has trademarked the term “smart
nation”．
Some security experts say the policy, due to be in place by May, risks damaging productivity among civil servants and those working at more than four dozen statutory (法定的) boards, and cutting them off from the people they serve.It may only raise slightly the ❸defensive (defend) walls against cyber attack, they say.
Ben Desjardins, director of security ❹solutions (solve) at network security firm Radware, called it “one of the more extreme ❺measures (措施) I can recall by a large public organization to fight cyber security risks”．Stephen Dane, a Hong Kongbased managing director at networking company Cisco Systems, said it was “a most unusual situation” and Ramki Thurimella, chair of the computer science department at the University of Denver, called it both “unprecedented (前所未有的)” and “a little excessive (过分的)”．One 23yearold manager, who gave only her family name, Netagale, said ❻blocking (block) web access would only harm productivity and may not stop attacks.“❼Information (信息) may leak through other means, so blocking the Internet may not stop the unavoidable from happening，” she said.
But other cyber security companies said that with the kind of ❽threats (威胁) governments face today, Singapore had little choice but to ❾restrict () Internet access.
FireEye, a cyber security company, found that organizations in south0east Asia were 80% more likely than the global average to be hit by an 1○advanced (advance) cyber attack.
Singapore officials said no particular attack led to the decision but noted a leakage of one ministry in 2015.David Koh, CEO of the newly formed Cyber 1data (数据) to Security Agency, said officials realized there was too much 1○secure and the threat “is too real”．
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
delivery， launch， software， account， payment， renew， shopping online， check out， in total， convenience In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library is now as simple as ❶shopping_online:_click, pay and wait for ❷delivery.
The city's public library recently ❸launched a program on WeChat, a popular Chinese messaging ❹software,_enabling its readers to ❺check_out books online and get them delivered to their homes at low prices.
To enjoy the “Hangzhou enjoyable reading” service, one first needs to follow the library's official WeChat ❻account,_which provides a list of books.After picking books, borrowers are required to present their information such as their library membership cards, cellphone numbers and so on.The selected items will be delivered by express within three days after ❼payments.Each reader can borrow up to 5 books once and 20 books at most ❽in_total.The books can be kept for up to 40 days.Readers now can borrow the library's most popular books in this way.The online books will be ❾renewed and enriched gradually according to readers' borrowing habits and preferences.At the end of December, the library's old and classic books will be put online too, making the total number of books available and bringing
0convenience. borrowers a lot of 1○
课下作业（三） 高考语篇提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·潍坊模拟)Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States three years ago.The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region's subway system.Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated D|S19 billion in damage.Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅)．Those metal grills usually lie at ground level.When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags.But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels.Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money.Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes.That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea.They designed a metal grate with a builtin, adjustable cover.When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air.But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now.So, it would be
simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes.They make sure that people don't intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions.For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势。
1．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．The steps to operate grates. B．The measures to prevent flood. C．The function of plywood and sandbags. D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
解析：选D 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。
2．Which of the following words best describes the two teens' new invention?
A．Costly. C．Practical.
B．Timesaving. D．Conventional.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句可知他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。
3．What's the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature? A．To replace the old grate correctly. B．To close the grate ahead of a flood. C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions. D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。
4．Where does the text most probably come from? A．A news report. B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment. D．A guidebook to making grates.
解析：选A 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。
B
(2019·兰州诊断)Children all over the world who have tried the potato or lemon battery experiments know that an electrical current can be generated by creating a reaction between the food and two different metals. However, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found a way to harvest power from trees. They use the same metal for both electrodes (电极) specifically in order not to confuse this effect with the potato effect.
While proving that trees can provide a source of power is a significant step, a key question remains: can the tiny voltage (电压) produced by a tree be used for anything useful? Now scientists are debating over how to use this power source for human benefits.
The most practical thing is the fire alarm for the forest department, originating from the tree itself. The electric power from trees can charge a battery. This battery in turn will be connected to a small sensor. This sensor will power a brief radio transmission (传送). That radio signal will transport daily soil and air condition measurements to a network of much larger, solar powered Forest Service environmental monitoring stations. Those sensors will also give out a crisis signal in the event of a sudden rise in air temperature that might indicate the outbreak of a forest fire.
“I truly believe it has potential，” said Victoria Henderson, branch chief for equipment and chemicals at the Forest Service's National Interagency Fire Center. “If this can enhance (提高) our existing technology to a degree that would gain us a lot more fire protection, then we'd look at a plan to purchase it for our nationwide infrastructure (基础设施), which is huge.”
Researchers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil, the more the energy will be produced. Some researchers also admit that “tree power” isn't as practical as solar energy, but believe that the system could be scaledup as a lowcost option for powering tree sensors that help detect environmental conditions or forest fires. Using the electronic output to keep track of a tree's health is another possibility.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树木可以产电及实际产电功用。
5．Why does the author mention the potato battery experiment in the first paragraph?
A．To explain what it is.
B．To stress the importance of electricity. C．To introduce the power source from trees. D．To encourage people to try this experiment.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者在第一段中介绍马铃薯电池实验的目的是介绍来自于树木的电力。
6．What do we know about the fire alarm mentioned in the third paragraph?
A．The fire alarm can make a very loud sound. B．Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off. C．The electric power it needs comes from the tree. D．It has been widely used in the forest department.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The most practical thing is ... originating from the tree itself”可知，火警警报所需要的电力来自于树。
7．What's Victoria Henderson's attitude towards the fire alarm system? A．Cautious. C．Disapproving.
B．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据第四段第二句“If this can enhance (提高) our existing technology ... which is huge”可知，Victoria Henderson对火灾报警系统的态度是赞同的。
8．What causes trees to create electrical currents?
A．The sensor implanted in the tree. B．The new way adopted by the researchers. C．The special metal used in the battery experiment. D．The pH difference between the soil and the tree.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Researchers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil, the more the energy will be produced”可知，树木产生电流的原因是土壤和树木之间的pH值有差异。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·广州综合测试)One of my teammates said it best on our last day of the season：“Guys, you are my family. We are all brothers.” Our tennis team is more than just a group of individual players thrown __1__；there is a friendship __2__ by no other group with which I have been involved. We are __3__， yet connected. We have studentathletes from all four years of high school, from different parts of the city, and from different families and social __4__. Nevertheless, we are all __5__ by a shared love of tennis. The tennis team __6__ to me because it contains two things that I treasure most: tennis and __7__.
Ever since I was ten years old, the __8__ aspect of tennis has attracted me to the physical sport. My first tennis coach always used to say, “Tennis is 10% physical and 90% mental.”
__9__ the mental strength to stay __10__ and controlled under pressure, skills are __11__. Sometimes I feel like I have two __12__ in a match: me
against the person on the other side of the net, and me against the person inside my head, telling me to hit a better shot.
However, despite the __13__ pressures of tennis, the brotherhood __14__ by working together as a team helps spread the __15__ of the pressure over an entire group. We __16__ each other on and off the court. We do this because we have become a(n) __17__ away from home. I play my best tennis when I have my team's full support, __18__ in the knowledge that they are always backing me __19__. I know that each one of us puts everything we have into every __20__ whether we are playing or cheering.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们是有着不同背景的网球队员，对网球的热爱使我们组成了一个大家庭；在比赛中，由于得到了队员的全力支持，“我”常常能发挥出最佳球技。网球让我们成为好兄弟。
1．A.around C．forward
B．back D．together
解析：选D 根据语境可知，我们的网球队不仅仅是由单独的球员意外聚在一起的一个团队；由该句中的关键词“individual players”可推知，空处表示“使偶然相遇”，故D项正确。
2．A.earned C．matched
B．followed D．noticed
解析：选C 根据语境可知，我们的网球队有着其他队伍不能匹敌的友谊。C项意为“相匹敌”，符合语境。A项意为“赢得，获得”，B项意为“跟随”，D项意为“注意到”，都与语境不符。
3．A.courageous
B．diverse
C．motivated
D．skillful
解析：选B 根据该句“We are ________， yet connected”并结合下句“We have studentathletes from all four years of high school, from different parts of the city, and from different families and social ________”可知，我们各不相同，但是彼此又有联系。B项意为“不同的，多样的”，符合语境。A项意为“有勇气的”，C项意为“积极的，主动的”，D项意为“熟练的，处理巧妙的”，都与语境不符。
4．A.activities C．responsibilities
B．backgrounds D．services
解析：选B 根据该句内容可推知，我们的社会背景各不相同。B项意为“背景”，符合语境。
5．A.disturbed C．trained
B．sponsored D．united
解析：选D 根据语境可知，然而，对网球共同的爱把我们联合在一起。D项意为“团结的”，符合语境。
6．A.continues C．matters
B．returns D．occurs
解析：选C 根据该句中的“because it contains two things that I treasure most”可知，因为球队里有“我”最珍视的两件东西，所以网球队对“我”重要。C项意为“重要”，符合语境。
7．A.brotherhood C．entertainment
B．childhood D．society
解析：选A 根据上文中的“there is a friendship”和最后一段中的“the brotherhood”并结合选项可知，网球队对“我”重要，因为球队里有“我”最珍视的两件东西：网球和手足情谊。A项意为“手足情谊”，符合语境。B项意为“童年”，C项意为“娱乐”，D项意为“社会”，都与语境不符。
8．A.physical C．mental
B．environmental D．technical
解析：选C 根据下句“My first tennis coach always used to say, ‘Tennis is 10% physical and 90% mental.’”可知，“我”的第一位网球教练过去常说，网球是10%的体力和90%的智力的体育运动；再结合该句可知，从“我”十岁开始，网球的智力要求就吸引着“我”参加该项体育运动。C项意为“智力的”，符合语境。
9．A.According to C．In spite of
B．Beyond D．Without
解析：选D 根据语境可知，在压力下，如果没有智力来保持冷静并能克制，那么技巧是没有用的。D项意为“没有，缺乏”，符合语境。
10．A.active C．hopeful
B．calm D．silent
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项意为“冷静的”，符合语境。A项意为“活跃的”，C项意为“抱有希望的”，D项意为“沉默的”，都与语境不符。
11．A.contradictory C．useless
B．difficult D．powerful
解析：选C 参见第9题解析。C项意为“无用的”，符合语境。A项意
为“相反的”，B项意为“困难的”，D项意为“有力量的”，都与语境不符。
12．A.opponents C．goals
B．friends D．risks
解析：选A 根据空后的“me against the person on the other side of the net, and me against the person inside my head, telling me to hit a better shot”可知，有时“我”觉得在一场比赛中“我”有两个对手。A项意为“对手”，符合语境。B项意为“朋友”，C项意为“目标”，D项意为“风险”，都与语境不符。
13．A.unavoidable C．unexpected
B．unreasonable D．unwelcome
解析：选A 根据语境并结合常识可知，在网球运动中压力是不可避免的。A项意为“不可避免的”，符合语境。B项意为“不合理的”，C项意为“未曾想到的”，D项意为“不受欢迎的”，都与语境不符。
14．A.allocated C．imagined
B．created D．suspected
解析：选B 根据语境可知，该处指由全队成员团结一致而创造的手足情谊。B项意为“创造”，符合语境。A项意为“分配”，C项意为“想象，设想”，D项意为“怀疑，猜想”，都与语境不符。
15．A.area C．value
B．control D．weight
解析：选D 根据语境可知，手足情谊会将这种压力的重量分布到整个群体中。D项意为“重量”，符合语境。A项意为“地区”，B项意为“控制”，C
项意为“价值”，都与语境不符。
16．A.support C．recognize
B．fight D．teach
解析：选A 根据该句“We ________ each other on and off the court”并结合下文的support可知，我们在球场上和球场下都彼此支持。A项意为“支持”，符合语境。B项意为“斗争”，C项意为“认出”，D项意为“教学”，都与语境不符。
17．A.audience C．reason
B．family D．surprise
解析：选B 根据第一段中的“you are my family”并结合全文内容可知，我们能彼此相互支持是因为我们已经成了一家人。
18．A.anxious C．sensitive
B．curious D．secure
解析：选D 根据语境可知，当球队成员全力支持“我”的时候，“我”的球技发挥最佳，知道背后总是有他们热情的支持，“我”就放心了。secure in the knowledge that ...为固定用法，意为“知道……就安心/放心了”，故D项正确。A项意为“着急的”，B项意为“好奇的”，C项意为“敏感的”，都与语境不符。
19．A.enthusiastically C．gradually
B．differently D．intentionally
解析：选A 参见上题解析。A项意为“热情地”，符合语境。B项意为“以不同的方式”，C项意为“逐渐地”，D项意为“故意地”，都与语境不符。
20．A.dream
B．person
C．match
D．team
解析：选C 句意：我知道我们每个人在每一场比赛中都尽自己所能，不管我们是在参赛还是在加油助威。C项意为“比赛”，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·湖北七市联考)We use flowers as messengers, to say something we might have trouble saying __1__ (direct) ourselves. Over time flowers have come to symbolize the most powerful human experiences: beauty, love, hope, and rebirth. Sweet flowers alone can say __2__ one fears expressing. We've listed some of the most famous flowers __3__ have a special significance.
In Mao Zedong's poem Ode to the Plum Blossom (《咏梅》), the plum blossom was used __4__ (praise) great soldiers who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people.
__5__ great Chinese poet Li Bai from the Tang Dynasty once compared Yang Yuhuan's beautiful face to blooming peonies (牡丹). Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and __6__ (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.
The orchid (兰花) is well known for its delicate smell. Beautiful articles and poems __7__ (call) “lanzhang” by Chinese people in ancient times.
Roses, of course, have the __8__ (colorful) meaning among all the flowers. Red roses, to this day, mean “I love you.” A red rose, rather than yellow roses, __9__ (act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on Valentine's Day. __10__ (send) yellow roses can be risky, as they represent either friendship or envy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们把花当作信使来表达情感。
1．directly 考查副词。由空前的动词saying可知，此处应用副词修饰，故填directly。
2．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，同时结合语境“一个人害怕表达什么”，所以填what。
3．that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为flowers且有形容词最高级修饰，所以空处只能填关系代词that而不能用which。
4．to praise 考查非谓语动词。结合语境可知此处应用不定式作目的状语，所以填to praise。be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。
5．The 考查冠词。句中Li Bai作poet的同位语，而介词短语from the Tang Dynasty是后置定语，所以空处应填定冠词The表特指。
6．richness 考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity (繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。
7．were called 考查动词的时态和语态。sth. be called sth. “……被称为……”，是固定搭配；由时间状语“in ancient times (在古代)”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．most colorful 考查形容词最高级。由句末介词短语“among all the flowers(在所有的花之中)”可知，这里应用形容词的最高级，所以填most colorful。
9．acts 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。本段描述的都是客观情况，故应用一般现在时；句子的主语是A red rose，而不是rather than后的yellow roses，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，故填acts。
10．Sending 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以应用动词ing形式作主语，故填Sending。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·石家庄质检)When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university. I liked singing, so I try out for a scholarship for music. But I failed to get one. I was real upset. I felt like failure. I just kept feeling sorry for me. However, after a few day, I decided not to let one single loss to keep me from doing what I love. But I cheered up and devoted myself to sing again. I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we success eventually.
答案：第二句：try→tried 第四句：real→really 第五句：failure前加a 第六句：me→myself
第七句：day→days; 去掉第二个to 第八句：But→So; sing→singing
第九句：第二个that→what; success→succeed
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