adjust 1
adjust (CHANGE) /əˈdʒʌst/
verb [T]
1 to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable:
If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.
2 to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidy:
She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room.
adjust 2
adjust (BECOME FAMILIAR) /əˈdʒʌst/
verb [I]
to become more familiar with a new situation:
I can't adjust to living on my own. Her eyes slowly adjusted to the dark.
The lifestyle is so very different - it takes a while to adjust.
adapt 1
adapt (CHANGE) /əˈdæpt/
verb [T]
to change something to suit different conditions or uses:
Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.
The recipe here is a pork roast adapted from Caroline O'Neill's book 'Louisiana Kitchen'.
[+ to infinitive] We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable.
The play had been adapted for (= changed to make it suitable for) children. Davies is busy adapting Brinkworth's latest novel for television.
adapt 2
adapt (BECOME FAMILIAR) /əˈdæpt/
verb [I]
to become familiar with a new situation:
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
It took me a while to adapt to the new job.
transform
transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ US /-ˈfɔːrm/
verb [T]
to change completely the appearance or character of something or someone, especially so that they are improved:
The reorganization will transform the British entertainment industry.
[R] Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform herself into a radiant star.
switch 2
switch (CHANGE) /swɪtʃ/
verb [T; I usually + adverb or preposition]
to change suddenly or completely, especially from one thing to another, or to exchange by replacing one person or thing with another:
She started studying English at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year.
In 1971, Britain switched over (= changed completely) to a decimal currency. After the bank robbery, the gang switched cars (= left one car and got into
another).
switch /swɪtʃ/
verb [T; I usually + adverb or preposition]
to use a switch to change a device from one state or type of operation to another:
switch the TV off/on
alter 1
alter (CHANGE) /ˈɒl.təʳ/ US /ˈɑːl.ţɚ/
verb
1 [I or T] to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change:
We've had to alter some of our plans.
Although long-distance phone calls are going up, the charge for local calls will not alter.
Giving up our car has radically altered our lifestyle.
2 [T] to change the size of clothes so that they fit better:
I took the coat back to the shop to have it altered.
vary 1
vary (DIFFERENT) /ˈveə.ri/ US /ˈver.i/
verb [I or T]
If things of the same type vary, they are different from each other, and if you vary them, you cause them to be different from each other:
Salary scales vary between states/from state to state/according to state/with each state.
The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable.
vary 2
vary (CHANGE) /ˈveə.ri/ US /ˈver.i/
verb [I or T]
to change or cause something to change in amount or level, especially from one occasion to another:
My taste in classical music varies greatly/widely, but I usually prefer Mozart or Brahms.
Some people give a regular monthly donation while others vary the amount they give.
exchange 2
ex·change2 / ɪks`tʃeɪndʒ / verb [transitive] **
1 to give someone something in return for something that they give you:
We exchanged addresses and promised to write to each other.
exchange something for something: The certificates can be exchanged for goods in any of our stores.
2 if a store exchanges something that you bought there, it allows you to change it for something of a similar type or value, for example because it is damaged:
You don't need a receipt to exchange goods that are faulty.
3 to say something to someone and then listen to what they say:
We all exchanged greetings.
exchange ideas/views/information: Team meetings are an opportunity to exchange ideas.
exchange words: They exchanged a few words in what sounded like Spanish.
4 to change money from the money of one country to the money of another country
exchange contracts MAINLY BRITISH
if the people buying and selling a house exchange contracts, they each sign a contract so that the sale is officially complete
expand
ex·pand / ɪk`spænd / verb ***
▸ 1 become larger in size
▸ 2 increase business
▸ 3 add more details
▸ 4 spread out
▸ 5 write in longer form
dissolve 1
dissolve (BE ABSORBED) /dɪˈzɒlv/ US /-ˈzɑːlv/
verb [I or T]
(of a solid) to be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed, or (of a liquid) to absorb a solid:
Dissolve two spoons of powder in warm water. Nitric acid will dissolve most animal tissue.
dissolve 2
dissolve (END) /dɪˈzɒlv/ US /-ˈzɑːlv/
verb
1 [T often passive] to end an official organization or a legal arrangement:
Parliament has been dissolved. Their marriage was dissolved in 1968.
2 [I] to disappear:
The tension in the office just dissolves when she walks out.
swell 1
swell1 / swel / (past tense swelled; past participle swelled or swol·len / `swoʊlən / ) verb *
1 swell or swell up [intransitive] to become larger than normal, usually because of liquid collecting inside:
My ankles tend to swell when I travel by air.
Moisture causes the timber to swell.
1a. [transitive] to make something larger than normal:
be swollen with something: The river was swollen with rain.
2 [intransitive] to increase in amount or number:
Attendance figures have swollen to 37,000 this season.
2a. [transitive] to make something increase:
Vacationers swell the local population in summer.
3 [intransitive] LITERARY to become gradually louder:
The shouts swelled to a roar.
disappear
disappear /ˌdɪs.əˈpɪəʳ/ US /-ˈpɪr/
verb [I]
If people or things disappear, they go somewhere where they cannot be seen or found:
renew
re·new / rɪ`nu / verb [transitive] **
1 to arrange for something to continue for a longer period of time:
to renew a license/passport/lease
to renew a book (=be allowed to keep a library book for a longer period of time)
He failed to renew his contract, which expired last month.
2 to start a friendship or relationship again after a period of time when it stopped existing:
Our high school reunion offers an opportunity to renew acquaintance with old friends.
3 to do something again after a pause, usually with more energy or emphasis than before:
The parties renewed their efforts to sign a peace treaty.
renew a call/appeal: Student organizations renewed their call for a reduction in tuition fees.
4 to replace something that is old or damaged:
You may need to renew the brake linings.
renovate
ren·o·vate / `renə,veɪt / verb [transitive]
to make something old look new again by repairing and improving it, especially a building
╾ renovation / ,renə`veɪʃn / noun [count or uncount]
promote
pro·mote / prə`moʊt / verb [transitive] ***
1 [usually passive] to move someone to a job at a higher level:
A college course can help you find work or get promoted.
promote someone to something: Steve Burrows was recently promoted to senior group manager.
promote someone to a rank/post/position: In 1982 he was promoted to the rank of sergeant.
1a. AMERICAN to move a student to a higher class at the end of the school year
1b. MAINLY BRITISH to move a team to a higher level in their sport:
In 1980 they were promoted to the First Division.
2 to support or encourage something:
The government is committed to promoting the development and use of public transportation.
a campaign to promote recycling
The opposition parties have deliberately promoted and condoned violence.
2a. to help something to develop:
The intense light promotes rapid growth of weeds and algae.
3 to attract people's attention to a product or event, for example by advertising:
These products are aggressively promoted and marketed.
demote
de·mote / di`moʊt / verb [transitive]
to give someone a lower rank or a less important job
a. to give something a less important position
╾ de·mo·tion / di`moʊʃn / noun [count or uncount]
fade
fade /feɪd/
verb [I or T]
to (cause to) lose colour, brightness or strength gradually:
If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade. My suntan is already fading.
They arrived home just as the light was fading (= as it was going dark). The sun had faded the bright blue walls.
replace 1
replace (CHANGE FOR) /rɪˈpleɪs/
verb [T]
1 to take the place of something, or to put something or someone in the place of something or someone else:
The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
Tourism has replaced agriculture as the nation's main industry.
2 If you replace something broken, damaged or lost, you provide a new one:
I promised to replace the plate that I'd dropped.
replace 1
replace (CHANGE FOR) /rɪˈpleɪs/
verb [T]
1 to take the place of something, or to put something or someone in the place of something or someone else:
The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
Tourism has replaced agriculture as the nation's main industry.
2 If you replace something broken, damaged or lost, you provide a new one:
I promised to replace the plate that I'd dropped.
cure 1
cure (MAKE WELL) /kjʊəʳ/ US /kjʊr/
verb [T]
1 to make someone with an illness healthy again:
At one time the doctors couldn't cure TB/cure people of TB.
2 to solve a problem:
Finance Ministers meet this week to discuss how to cure inflation.
cure 2
cure (PRESERVE) /kjʊəʳ/ US /kjʊr/
verb [T]
to treat food, tobacco, etc. with smoke or salt, etc. in order to stop it decaying:
cured meats
reduce
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ US /-ˈduːs/
verb [I or T]
to make something smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, etc:
Do nuclear weapons really reduce the risk of war? The plane reduced speed as it approached the airport. My weight reduces when I stop eating sugar.
We bought a television that was reduced (from 拢500 to 拢350) in the sales. To make a thicker sauce, reduce the ingredients by boiling for 5 minutes.
I reduced the problem to a few simple questions. Page 4 Describing & analysing tables answers
A. 1. Cilicia + Cappadocia 2. Cappadocia 3. Lycia 4. Moesia 5. Cappadocia 6. Moesia 7. Lycia 8. Moesia 9. Moesia 10. Lycia 11. Lycia 12. Cilicia 13. Cappadocia
The verbs rise and increase have the same meaning here. We can also say climb. These verbs can also be nouns.
The verbs fail, drop and decline have the same meaning here. These verbs can also be nouns.
The adverbs steadily and noticeably can have the same meaning here. They can also be adjectives (steady,noticeable).
The adverbs sharply, rapidly and dramatically can have the same meaning here. They can also be adjectives(sharp, rapid, dramatic).
B. Suggested answers.
1. The number of people employed in industry fell/dropped/declined steadily/noticeably between 1996 and 2000/ over the five-year period. Or There was a steady drop/decline/fall in the number of people employed in industry between 1996 and 2000 /over the five-year period.
2. The number of people employed in retail rose / increased slightly between 1996 and 2000 / over the five-year period.
Or There was a slight rise / increase in the number of people employed in retail between 1996 / over the five-year period.
3. The number of people employed in public services rose / increased sharply / rapidly / dramatically between 1999and 2000.OrThere was a sharp / rapid / dramatic rise / increase in the number of people employed in public services between1999 and 2000.
4. The number of people employed in tourism rose / increased steadily / noticeably between 1996 and 2000.OrThere was a steady / noticeable rise / increase in the number of people employed in tourism between 1996 and2000 / over the five-year period.
5. The number of unemployed fell /dropped /declined sharply/rapidly/dramatically between 1998 and 2000.
Or There was a sharp / rapid / dramatic fall / drop / decline in the number of unemployed between 1998 and 2000.
6. There was a considerable discrepancy between those employed in industry and those working in tourism in 1996.
7. The number of people employed in industry fell /dropped/declined slightly between 1998 and 1999.OrThere was a slight fall /drop /decline in the number of people employed in industry between 1998 and 1999.Other words and expressions which you might find useful include:
For things going up: rocket/jump/edge up/soar/creep up/peak (especially for numbers, prices, etc.)For things going down: slump / plunge / slip back / slip down / plummet / drop / bottom out (especially when talking about prices)
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